Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 3
1.1—Introduction, p. 3
1.2—Scope, p. 3
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 4
2.1—Notation, p. 4
2.2—Definitions, p. 5
CHAPTER 3—CONSTITUENT MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES, p. 6
3.1—Commercially available externally bonded FRP systems, p. 6
3.2—Constituent materials, p. 7
3.3—Physical properties, p. 8
3.4—Mechanical properties, p. 8
3.5—Time-dependent behavior, p. 9
3.6—Durability, p. 10
3.7—FRP system qualification, p. 10
CHAPTER 4—SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND HANDLING, p. 10
4.1—Shipping, p. 10
4.2—Storage, p. 10
4.3—Handling, p. 10
CHAPTER 5—INSTALLATION, p. 11
5.1—Contractor competency, p. 11
5.2—Temperature, humidity, and moisture considerations, p. 11
5.3—Equipment, p. 11
5.4—Substrate repair and surface preparation, p. 12
5.5—Mixing of resins, p. 12
5.6—Application of FRP systems, p. 12
5.7—Alignment of FRP materials, p. 13
5.8—Multiple plies and lap splices, p. 13
5.9—Curing of resins, p. 13
5.10—Temporary protection, p. 13
CHAPTER 6—INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND ACCEPTANCE, p. 14
6.1—Inspection, p. 14
6.2—Evaluation and acceptance, p. 14
CHAPTER 7—MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR, p. 15
7.1—General, p. 15
7.2—Inspection and assessment, p. 15
7.3—Repair of strengthening system, p. 16
7.4—Repair of surface coating, p. 16
CHAPTER 8—GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, p. 16
8.1—Design philosophy, p. 16
8.2—Existing masonry strength, p. 17
8.3—Strengthening limits, p. 17
8.4—Design material properties, p. 17
CHAPTER 9—WALL STRENGTHENING FOR OUT OF-PLANE LOADS, p. 18
9.1—General, p. 18
9.2—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-strengthened masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads, p. 19
9.3—Serviceability, p. 21
9.4—Creep rupture stress limits, p. 21
CHAPTER 10—WALL STRENGTHENING FOR
IN-PLANE LOADS, p. 21
10.1—General, p. 21
10.2—Nominal shear strength of FRP-strengthened masonry walls subjected to in-plane loads, p. 22
10.3—FRP contribution to shear strength, p. 23
10.4—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-strengthened walls subjected to in-plane loads, p. 24
10.5—Wall strengthening for shear and flexure, p. 24
CHAPTER 11—STITCHING OF CRACKED MASONRY, p. 24
11.1—General, p. 24
11.2—Design considerations, p. 25
CHAPTER 12—CONFINEMENT OF COLUMNS, p. 25
12.1—General, p. 25
12.2—Pure axial compression, p. 25
12.3—Combined axial compression and bending, p. 27
CHAPTER 13—DETAILING, p. 28
13.1—Development length, p. 28
13.2—Lap splices, p. 28
13.3—Groove dimensions for NSM systems, p. 28
13.4—Spacing limits, p. 29
13.5—Anchorage of FRP reinforcement, p. 29
13.6—Load path continuity, p. 30
CHAPTER 14—CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS, p. 31
14.1—Engineering requirements, p. 31
14.2—Drawings and specifications, p. 31
14.3—Submittals, p. 31
CHAPTER 15—DESIGN EXAMPLES, p. 32
15.1—Increasing the flexural capacity of an unreinforced CMU wall subjected to out-of-plane loads, p. 32
15.2—Increasing the shear and flexural capacities of an unreinforced CMU wall subjected to in-plane loads, p. 38
15.3—Increasing the flexural capacity of a reinforced masonry wall subjected to out-of-plane loads, p. 46
15.4—Restoring the strength of a cracked URM wall, p. 55
15.5—Increasing the axial capacity of a URM column subjected to axial loads, p. 61
CHAPTER 16—REFERENCES, p. 68
Authored documents, p. 69
APPENDIX A—MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON, GLASS, AND ARAMID FIBERS, p. 70
APPENDIX B—SUMMARY OF STANDARD TEST METHODS, p. 71