318-05: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary

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Description

The code portion of this document covers the design and construction of structural concrete used in buildings and where applicable in nonbuilding structures.

Among the subjects covered are: drawings and specifications; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete quality, mixing and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement details; analysis and design; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls; footings; precast concrete; composite flexural members; prestressed concrete; shells and folded plate members; strength evaluation of existing structures; special provisions for seismic design; structural plain concrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A; alternative design provisions in Appendix B; alternative load and strength-reduction factors in Appendix C; and anchoring to concrete in Appendix D.

The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate ANSI/AWS standard.

Uses of the code include adoption by reference in general building codes, and earlier editions have been widely used in this manner. The code is written in a format that allows such reference without change to its language. Therefore, background details or suggestions for carrying out the requirements or intent of the code portion cannot be included. The commentary is provided for this purpose. Some of the considerations of the committee in developing the code portion are discussed within the commentary, with emphasis given to the explanation of new or revised provisions. Much of the research data referenced in preparing the code is cited for the user desiring to study individual questions in greater detail. Other documents that provide suggestions for carrying out the requirements of the code are also cited.

Keywords: admixtures; aggregates; anchorage (structural); beam-column frame; beams (supports); building codes; cements; cold weather construction; columns (supports); combined stress; composite construction (concrete and steel); composite construction (concrete to concrete); compressive strength; concrete construction; concretes; concrete slabs; construction joints; continuity (structural); contraction joints; cover; curing; deep beams; deflections; drawings; earth-quake resistant structures; embedded service ducts; flexural strength; floors; folded plates; footings; formwork (construction); frames; hot weather construction; inspection; isolation joints; joints (junctions); joists; lightweight concretes; loads (forces); load tests (structural); materials; mixing; mix proportioning; modulus of elasticity; moments; pipe columns; pipes (tubing); placing; plain concrete; precast concrete; prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; quality control; reinforced concrete; reinforcing steels; roofs; serviceability; shear strength; shearwalls; shells (structural forms); spans; specifications; splicing; strength; strength analysis; stresses; structural analysis; structural concrete; structural design; structural integrity; T-beams; torsion; walls; water; welded wire reinforcement.

 

Document Details

Author: Committee 318

Publication Year: 2017

Pages: 430

ISBN: 9780870311796 

Categories: Codes, Design

Formats: Printed Document or Protected PDF/Web View

This document is Historical

Table of Contents

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1—Scope

1.2—Drawings and specifications

1.3—Inspection

1.4—Approval of special systems of design or construction

CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS

2.1—Notation

2.2—Definitions

CHAPTER 3—MATERIALS

3.1—Tests of materials

3.2—Cements

3.3—Aggregates

3.4—Water

3.5—Steel reinforcement

3.6—Admixtures

3.7—Storage of materials

3.8—Referenced standards

CHAPTER 4—DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS

4.1—Water-cementitious material ratio

4.2—Freezing and thawing exposures

4.3—Sulfate exposures

4.4—Corrosion protection of reinforcement

CHAPTER 5—CONCRETE QUALITY, MIXING, AND PLACING

5.1—General

5.2—Selection of concrete proportions

5.3—Proportioning on the basis of field experience or trial mixtures, or both

5.4—Proportioning without field experience or trial mixtures

5.5—Average strength reduction

5.6—Evaluation and acceptance of concrete

5.7—Preparation of equipment and place of deposit

5.8—Mixing

5.9—Conveying

5.10—Depositing

5.11—Curing

5.12—Cold weather requirements

5.13—Hot weather requirements

CHAPTER 6—FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

6.1—Design of formwork

6.2—Removal of forms, shores, and reshoring

6.3—Conduits and pipes embedded in concrete

6.4—Construction joints

CHAPTER 7—DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT

7.1—Standard hooks

7.2—Minimum bend diameters

7.3—Bending

7.4—Surface conditions of reinforcement

7.5—Placing reinforcement

7.6—Spacing limits for reinforcement

7.7—Concrete protection for reinforcement

7.8—Special reinforcement details for columns

7.9—Connections

7.10—Lateral reinforcement for compression members

7.11—Lateral reinforcement for flexural members

7.12—Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement

7.13—Requirements for structural integrity

CHAPTER 8—ANALYSIS AND DESIGN—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

8.1—Design methods

8.2—Loading

8.3—Methods of analysis

8.4—Redistribution of negative moments in continuous flexural members

8.5—Modulus of elasticity

8.6—Stiffness

8.7—Span length

8.8—Columns

8.9—Arrangement of live load

8.10—T-beam construction

8.11—Joist construction

8.12—Separate floor finish

CHAPTER 9—STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS

9.1—General

9.2—Required strength

9.3—Design strength

9.4—Design strength for reinforcemen

9.5—Control of deflections

CHAPTER 10—FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS

10.1—Scope

10.2—Design assumptions

10.3—General principles and requirements

10.4—Distance between lateral supports of flexural members

10.5—Minimum reinforcement of flexural members

10.6—Distribution of flexural reinforcement in beams and one-way slabs

10.7—Deep beams

10.8—Design dimensions for compression members

10.9—Limits for reinforcement of compression members

10.10—Slenderness effects in compression members

10.11—Magnified moments—General 131

10.12—Magnified moments—Nonsway frames

10.13—Magnified moments—Sway frames

10.14—Axially loaded members supporting slab system

10.15—Transmission of column loads through floor system

10.16—Composite compression members

10.17—Bearing strength

CHAPTER 11—SHEAR AND TORSION

11.1—Shear strength

11.2—Lightweight concrete

11.3—Shear strength provided by concrete for nonprestressed members

11.4—Shear strength provided by concrete for prestressed members

11.5—Shear strength provided by shear reinforcement

11.6—Design for torsion

11.7—Shear-friction

11.8—Deep beams

11.9—Special provisions for brackets and corbels

11.10—Special provisions for walls

11.11—Transfer of moments to columns

11.12—Special provisions for slabs and footings

CHAPTER 12—DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT

12.1—Development of reinforcement—General

12.2—Development of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension

12.3—Development of deformed bars and deformed wire in compression

12.4—Development of bundled bars

12.5—Development of standard hooks in tension

12.6—Mechanical anchorage

12.7—Development of welded deformed wire reinforcement in tension

12.8—Development of welded plain wire reinforcement in tension

12.9—Development of prestressing strand

12.10—Development of flexural reinforcement—General

12.11—Development of positive moment reinforcement

12.12—Development of negative moment reinforcement

12.13—Development of web reinforcement

12.14—Splices of reinforcement—General

12.15—Splices of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension

12.16—Splices of deformed bars in compression

12.17—Special splice requirements for columns

12.18—Splices of welded deformed wire reinforcement in tension

12.19—Splices of welded plain wire reinforcement in tension

CHAPTER 13—TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS

13.1—Scope

13.2—Definitions

13.3—Slab reinforcement

13.4—Openings in slab systems

13.5—Design procedures

13.6—Direct design method

13.7—Equivalent frame method

CHAPTER 14—WALLS

14.1—Scope

14.2—General

14.3—Minimum reinforcement

14.4—Walls designed as compression members

14.5—Empirical design method

14.6—Nonbearing walls

14.7—Walls as grade beams

14.8—Alternative design of slender walls

CHAPTER 15—FOOTINGS

15.1—Scope

15.2—Loads and reactions

15.3—Footings supporting circular or regular polygon shaped columns or pedestals

15.4—Moment in footings

15.5—Shear in footings

15.6—Development of reinforcement in footings

15.7—Minimum footing depth

15.8—Transfer of force at base of column, wall, or reinforced pedestal

15.9—Sloped or stepped footings

15.10—Combined footings and mats

CHAPTER 16—PRECAST CONCRETE

16.1—Scope

16.2—General

16.3—Distribution of forces among members

16.4—Member design

16.5—Structural integrity

16.6—Connection and bearing design

16.7—Items embedded after concrete placement

16.8—Marking and identification

16.9—Handling

16.10—Strength evaluation of precast construction

CHAPTER 17—COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURAL MEMBERS

17.1—Scope

17.2—General

17.3—Shoring

17.4—Vertical shear strength

17.5—Horizontal shear strength

17.6—Ties for horizontal shear

CHAPTER 18—PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

18.1—Scope

18.2—General

18.3—Design assumptions

18.4—Serviceability requirements—Flexural members

18.5—Permissible stresses in prestressing steel

18.6—Loss of prestress

18.7—Flexural strength

18.8—Limits for reinforcement of flexural members

18.9—Minimum bonded reinforcement

18.10—Statically indeterminate structures

18.11—Compression members—Combined flexure and axial loads

18.12—Slab systems

18.13—Post-tensioned tendon anchorage zones

18.14—Design of anchorage zones for monostrand or single 5/8 in. diameter bar tendons

18.15—Design of anchorage zones for multistrand tendons

18.16—Corrosion protection for unbonded tendons

18.17—Post-tensioning ducts

18.18—Grout for bonded tendons

18.19—Protection for prestressing steel

18.20—Application and measurement of prestressing force

18.21—Post-tensioning anchorages and couplers

18.22—External post-tensioning

CHAPTER 19—SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATE MEMBERS

19.1—Scope and definitions

19.2—Analysis and design

19.3—Design strength of materials

19.4—Shell reinforcement

19.5—Construction

CHAPTER 20—STRENGTH EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

20.1—Strength evaluation—General

20.2—Determination of required dimensions and material properties

20.3—Load test procedure

20.4—Loading criteria

20.5—Acceptance criteria

20.6—Provision for lower load rating

20.7—Safety

CHAPTER 21—SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN

21.1—Definitions

ACI 318 Building Code and Commentary

21.2—General requirements

21.3—Flexural members of special moment frames

21.4—Special moment frame members subjected to bending and axial load

21.5—Joints of special moment frames

21.6—Special moment frames constructed using precast concrete

21.7—Special reinforced concrete structural walls and coupling beams

21.8—Special structural walls constructed using precast concrete

21.9—Special diaphragms and trusse 330

21.10—Foundations

21.11—Members not designated as part of the lateral-force-resisting system

21.12—Requirements for intermediate moment frames

21.13—Intermediate precast structural walls

CHAPTER 22—STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE

22.1—Scope

22.2—Limitations

22.3—Joints

22.4—Design method

22.5—Strength design

22.6—Walls

22.7—Footings

22.8—Pedestals

22.9—Precast members

22.10—Plain concrete in earthquake-resisting structures

APPENDIX A—STRUT-AND-TIE MODELS

A.1—Definitions

A.2—Strut-and-tie model design procedure

A.3—Strength of struts

A.4—Strength of ties

A.5—Strength of nodal zones

APPENDIX B—ALTERNATIVE PROVISIONS FOR REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE FLEXURAL AND COMPRESSION MEMBERS

B.1—Scope

APPENDIX C—ALTERNATIVE LOAD AND STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS

C.1—General

C.2—Required strength

C.3—Design strength

APPENDIX D—ANCHORING TO CONCRETE

D.1—Definitions

D.2—Scope

D.3—General requirements

D.4—General requirements for strength of anchors

D.5—Design requirements for tensile loading

D.6—Design requirements for shear loading

D.7—Interaction of tensile and shear forces

D.8—Required edge distances, spacings, and thicknesses to preclude splitting failure

D.9—Installation of anchors

APPENDIX E—STEEL REINFORCEMENT INFORMATION

COMMENTARY REFERENCES

INDEX

ERRATA INFO

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