Description

This guide describes specific types of concrete deterioration. Each chapter contains a discussion of the mechanisms involved and the recommended requirements for individual components of concrete, quality considerations for concrete mixtures, construction procedures, and influences of the exposure environment, which are all important considerations to ensure concrete durability.

This guide was developed for conventional concrete but is generally applicable to specialty concretes; however, specialty concretes, such as roller-compacted or pervious concrete, may have unique durability-related issues that deserve further attention that are not addressed herein.

Keywords:

abrasion resistance; alkali-aggregate reaction; chemical attack; curing; deterioration; durability; freezing and thawing; physical salt attack; sulfate attack.

Document Details

Author: ACI Committee 201

Publication Year: 2023

Pages: 99

ISBN: 9781641952187

Formats: Printed Document or Protected PDF/Web View

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 2

1.1—Introduction, p. 2

1.2—Scope, p. 3

CHAPTER 2—DEFINITIONS, p. 3

2.1—Definitions, p. 3

CHAPTER 3—MASS TRANSPORT, p. 3

3.1—Introduction, p. 3

3.2—Transport processes in nonreactive porous media, p. 4

3.3—Factors affecting mass transport in concrete, p. 5

3.4—Measurement of transport properties, p. 8

3.5—Obtaining durable concrete, p. 10

CHAPTER 4—FREEZING AND THAWING OF CONCRETE, p. 10

4.1—Introduction, p. 10

4.2—Frost attack of concrete made with durable aggregates, p. 11

4.3—Frost attack of concrete made with nondurable aggregates, p. 17

CHAPTER 5—AGGREGATE REACTIONS, p. 19

5.1—Alkali-aggregate reaction, p. 19

5.2—Iron sulfide mineral oxidation in concrete, p. 32

CHAPTER 6—SULFATE ATTACK, p. 35

6.1—External sulfate attack, p. 35

6.2—Internal sulfate attack, p. 41

6.3—Seawater and brine exposure, p. 43

CHAPTER 7—CHEMICAL ATTACK, p. 44

7.1—General, p. 44

7.2—Seawater, p. 45

7.3—Acid attack, p. 46

7.4—Fresh water, p. 47

7.5—Carbonation, p. 48

7.6—Industrial chemicals, p. 48

7.7—Deicing and anti-icing chemicals, p. 49

7.8—Environmental structures, p. 50

CHAPTER 8—PHYSICAL SALT ATTACK, p. 51

8.1—Introduction, p. 51

8.2—Occurrence, p. 52

8.3—Background, p. 52

8.4—Mechanism, p. 53

8.5—Testing, p. 53

8.6—Key factors, p. 55

8.7—Protection, p. 55

8.8—Recommendations, p. 56

CHAPTER 9—CORROSION OF METALS AND DEGRADATION OF OTHER MATERIALS EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE, p. 56

9.1—Introduction, p. 56

9.2—General principles of corrosion initiation in concrete, p. 56

9.3—Propagation of corrosion, p. 57

9.4—Corrosion-related properties of concreting materials, p. 58

9.5—Mitigating corrosion, p. 59

9.6—Corrosion of prestressed steel reinforcement, p. 61

9.7—Degradation of materials other than steel, p. 62

9.8—Summary, p. 63

CHAPTER 10—ABRASION, p. 63

10.1—Introduction, p. 63

10.2—Testing concrete for resistance to abrasion, p. 63

10.3—Factors affecting abrasion resistance of concrete, p. 65

10.4—Recommendations for obtaining abrasion-resistant concrete surfaces, p. 66

10.5—Abrasives and studded tire and tire chain wear on concrete, p. 67

10.6—Skid resistance of pavements, p. 67

10.7—Erosion, p. 68

CHAPTER 11—SUMMARY, p. 68

CHAPTER 12—REFERENCES, p. 69

Authored documents, p. 71

ERRATA INFO

Any applicable errata are included with individual documents at the time of purchase. Errata are not included for collections or sets of documents such as the ACI Collection. For a listing of and access to all product errata, visit the Errata page.

Return/Exchange Policy

Printed / Hard Copy Products: The full and complete returned product will be accepted if returned within 60 days of receipt and in salable condition. A 20% service charge applies. Return shipping fees are the customer’s responsibility.

Electronic /Downloaded Products & Online Learning Courses: These items are not eligible for return.

Subscriptions These items are not eligible for return.

Exchanges: Contact ACI’s Customer Services Department for options (+1.248.848.3800 – ACICustomerService@concrete.org).