Title:
Seismic Behavior of Low-Aspect-Ratio Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls
Author(s):
Bismarck N. Luna, Jonathan P. Rivera, and Andrew S. Whittaker
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
112
Issue:
5
Appears on pages(s):
593-604
Keywords:
reinforced concrete; shear strength; shear walls; stiffness; strength degradation
DOI:
10.14359/51687709
Date:
9/1/2015
Abstract:
Twelve low-aspect-ratio reinforced concrete walls were constructed and tested at the University at Buffalo to develop validated equations for peak shear strength and hysteretic rules for nonlinear response-history analysis. The pretest analysis and constructionof the walls are described. Global force-displacement relationships are presented. Currently used equations for peak nominal (in-plane) shear strength do not predict the measured resistance of the walls. Out-of-plane forces and deformations affected peak in-plane shear strength. The resistance of the 12 walls degraded quickly with repeated cycling at displacements greater than those associated with peak strength. The initial stiffnesses of the test specimens were substantially lower than calculated using equations in design standards.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2011, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 503 pp.
ACI Committee 349, 2013, “Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety-Related Concrete Structures (ACI 349-13) and Commentary,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 153 pp.
ACI Committee 374, 2005, “Acceptance Criteria for Moment Frames Based on Structural Testing (ACI 374.1-05) and Commentary,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 11 pp.
ACI Committee 374, 2013, “Guide for Testing Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements under Slowly Applied Simulated Seismic Loads (ACI 374.2R-13),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 18 pp.
ASCE/SEI 43-05, 2005, “Seismic Design Criteria for Structures, Systems, and Components in Nuclear Facilities,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA.
ASCE/SEI 41-06, 2006, “Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA.
ATC-24, 1992, “Guidelines for Cyclic Seismic Testing of Component of Steel Structures,” Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA.
Barda, F.; Hanson, J. M.; and Corley, W. G., 1977, “Shear Strength of Low-rise Walls with Boundary Elements,” Reinforced Concrete Structures in Seismic Zones, SP-53, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 149-202.
Del Carpio Ramos, M.; Whittaker, A. S.; and Gulec, C. K., 2012, “Predictive Equations for the Peak Shear Strength of Low-Aspect Ratio Reinforced Concrete Walls,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, V. 16, No. 2, pp. 159-187. doi: 10.1080/13632469.2011.613529
Epackachi, S.; Nguyen, N. H.; Kurt, E. G.; Whittaker, A. S.; and Varma, A. H., 2014, “In-Plane Seismic Behavior of Rectangular Steel-Plate Composite Wall Piers,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, p. 04014176 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001148
Epackachi, S.; Whittaker, A. S.; and Huang, Y. N., 2015, “Analytical Modeling of Rectangular SC Wall Panels,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, V. 105, pp. 49-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.10.016
GigaPan Systems, 2013, www.gigapansystems.com.
Gulec, C. K., and Whittaker, A. S., 2011, “Empirical Equations for Peak Shear Strength of Low Aspect Ratio Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 80-89.
Gulec, C. K.; Whittaker, A. S.; and Stojadinovic, B., 2008, “Shear Strength of Squat Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 488-497.
Luna, B. N.; Rivera, J. P.; Rocks, J. F.; Goksu, C.; Weinreber, S.; and Whittaker, A. S., 2013, “University at Buffalo—Low Aspect Ratio Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall—Specimen SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7, SW8, SW9, SW10, SW11, SW12,” Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (distributor). doi: 10.4231/D3542J820, 10.4231/D38W3825B, 10.4231/D32B8VB8X, 10.4231/D3639K516, 10.4231/D3RX93D28, 10.4231/D3WP9T661, 10.4231/D31G0HV0P, 10.4231/D3XP6V35S, 10.4231/D3SX6492H, 10.4231/D3P55DG82, 10.4231/D3JD4PP4X, 10.4231/D3DN3ZW0S
Nikon Metrology Inc., 2013, Krypton K600 Optical Measurement System, www.nikonmetrology.com.
Popovics, S., 1973, “A Numerical Approach to the Complete Stress-Strain Curve of Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 3, No. 5, pp. 583-599. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(73)90096-3
Sozen, M. A., and Moehle, J. P., 1993, “Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Walls Resisting In-Plane Shear,” Report No. EPRI TR-102731, Electrical Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., 1986, “The Modified Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 83, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 219-231.
Vecchio, F. J., and Wong, P. S., 2002, VecTor2 and FormWorks User’s Manual, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Whyte, C. A., and Stojadinovic, B., 2013, “Hybrid Simulation of the Seismic Response of Squat Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls,” PEER Report 2013/02, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 227 pp.
Wood, S. L., 1990, “Shear Strength of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 87, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 99-107.