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Title: Damage Due to Freezing of Fresh Concrete

Author(s): C. J. Bernhardt

Publication: Journal Proceedings

Volume: 52

Issue: 1

Appears on pages(s): 573-580

Keywords: no keywords

DOI: 10.14359/11616

Date: 1/1/1956

Abstract:
When fresh concrete is exposed to sufficiently low temperature, the free water in the concrete is cooled below its freezing point and transforms into ice. This is followed by an expansion which under normal circumstances is about 9 percent. Some tests were made at the Concrete Research Laboratory of the Norwegian Institute of Technology to study to what extent the quality of concrete is influenced by such a freezing. The results agree with those reported by McNeese in 1952.