Title: 
            Faillures of Concrete Structures
        
        
            Author(s): 
            Jacob Feld
        
        
            
                Publication: 
                Journal Proceedings
            
            
                Volume: 
                54
            
            
                Issue: 
                12
            
            
                Appears on pages(s): 
                449-470
            
            
                Keywords: 
                no keywords
            
            
                DOI: 
                10.14359/11450
            
        
        
            Date: 
            12/1/1957
        
        
            Abstract:
            A historical survey of concrete failures of the last half century in the United States; discusses significant examples without attempting to list all failures. Touches on legal aspects from the Code of Hammurabi through English com-mon law with some observations on present code requirements as they relate to different types of failure. Concrete failures are grouped according to their major causes: design deficiency, draft’ing and detailing errors, concrete mix, supervision omission, frost protection defects, bearing wall deficiency, founda-tion deficiency, faulty erection techniques, temperature and shrinkage, second-ary stresses, and inadequate formwork.