Properties of heavy and light-weight concretes prepared with binders based on slag and activated ashes were studied as follows : fresh concrete; strength of concrete hardened both at normal temperature and by heat treatment; permeability and resistance to freeze-thaw cycling; behaviour of some concrete elements under various working conditions; preparation some technico-economic aspects related to and use of binders and practical conclu-sions for design and manufacture

Carbonation of concrete is increased in the presence of a high percentage of granulated blast-furnace slag in the cement and is also enhanced after subjecting concrete to freezing and thawing cycles. Air entraining agents do not modify the carbonation when the concrete containing portland or cements with low-calcium fly ash and granulated blast-furnace slag (< 20 X) is subjected to freese-thaw cycles. Carbonation is increased in the cement containing 84 % of slag. Uncarbonated concrete resists freezing and thawing better than that carbonated previously.

This paper describes a study of the full exploitation of the inherent hydraulic behavior of granulated blast-furnace slag. An attempt was made by laboratory tests and by actual concrete practices to improve the properties of conventional slag cements and develop a high quality binder. Granulated blast-furnace slag pulverized and classified by an industrial mill (Blaine fineness 850 m2/kg> was mixed with ordinary portland cement and semi-crushed granulated blast-furnace slag sand aggregate with the addition of a high-range water-reducing admixture. Workability, strength, and resistance to freezing and thawing cycles, mechanical abrasion and chemical attacks were determined. Microstructures were measured by SEM, and mercury intrusion and nitrogen adsorption porosimetries. Major findings of the research include: 1 . Workable mixtures with ultra-highly pulverized blast-furnace slag can be obtained with the addition of high-range water-reducing admixtures (HRWRA) and have less bleeding. 2. Use of ultra-highly pulverized blast-furnace slag is effective in getting a very dense and uniform structure of the hydrated paste and shows superior characteristics with high-strength concrete having more than 100 MPa, as compared to the straight portland cement high-strength concrete. 3. Densification and reduced calcium hydroxide caused by the hydration of slag remarkably improve the resistance to acid and sulfate attack as well as other characters.

In order of the PF potential The relea HF, blend The pozzo try and f pozzolani The examination EDAX has lanic reagenerated ysical and mine ralo ashes (PFA'S) areave a better un dersworkability of fre PFA particles is sulfates and alka cement, and lime -sat activity of PFA lime determinate ion tivity was observed of hydrated blended some interestin n between the PFA cement hydration.gical characte performed.tanding of the sh mortars and measured in diff li oxides from urated solutio was investigate of the mixture after 14 days ded cement by information particles and trization of Belgian favourable concrete, erent condi PFA in watn is discus d by microc. A signif SEM coupled, with concerning the pozzo he calcium hydroxide effect the Zeta tions. er, HCl, sed. Alorimeicant

This report presents results from an investigation where fly ash has been used in cement to try to reduce an observed alkali-silica reactivity in tile covered mortar and concrete constructions such as swimming pools and larger shower cabinets. Examinations of ceramic tiles showed that soluble silica formed when the material was exposed to sodium hydroxide solution. For testing according to ASTM C227-81 "Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)" concrete prisms were moulded using ordinary Portland cement or fly-ash cement with crushed ceramic tiles as aggregate. All the prisms showed changes in length; however, the changes are less in prisms made with fly-ash in cement. From these observations it seems that it is possible to reduce the damage caused by alkali-silica reactions in such structures by use of fly-ash in cement. Long term tests are being done on tile covered concrete slabs.