This paper describes two models used in the modeling strategy for textile reinforced concrete. The modeling of multi-filament yarns and of the bond between yarn and matrix is focused on micromechanical aspects of the material behavior. The calibration procedure of the model is explained on an example of a detailed experimental and numerical study of pull-out specimen. We demonstrate the use of the model for numerical homogenization to derive effective parameters at the meso level. In parametric studies we analyze the influence of local imperfections in the microstructure arising in the production process on the meso- and macromechanical properties of the material.

Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is a composite material taking advantage of the non-corrosiveness of fiber materials such as alkali-resistant glass (AR-glass), carbon or aramid in order to design slender and filigree structural elements. Compared to short cut fibers, a textile reinforcement features a higher effectiveness, because the fiber bundles are arranged in the direction of the main tensile stresses. These properties make TRC a promising construction material opening up new fields of application for concrete. In this paper, the results of experimental investigations and numerical simulations on TRC-components are presented. The load bearing behavior and important properties of TRC are described and the differences between the reinforcement materials AR-glass and carbon are elaborated. These differences are not only due to the different mechanical properties of the two materials but particularly the result of their different bond performance. Design models for the tensile strength and the bending capacity of TRC-components are given which have been derived on basis of the investigations.

Cement-based materials are brittle in nature, with high compressive strength and low tensile strength and toughness. Therefore, the use of these materials in practice involves their combination with reinforcement. This article demonstrates possible reinforcing strategies by using textile structures with high strength behavior. Different textile structures are shown as they are used in practical applications more and more. A special focus will be put to the production and design possibilities of 3D-textiles. Although there are two definitions for 3D-textiles, the 3D-structures as well as the 3D-geometries here mainly the 3D-structured spacer fabric are described. A double needle bar raschel machine is the most common machine type for this type of 3D-textile production. Those 3D-textiles allow a defined positioning of the reinforcement as well as a providing of reinforcement in the third dimension. Finally a survey of possible applications for 3D-textile reinforced concrete elements are given.

The failure mechanisms of textile reinforced concrete (TRC), which is a composite of bundles of long fibers and fine-grained concrete, are complex. Even after fracture of the constituents AR-glass and concrete the bond behavior has an important influence on the effective material behavior of the composite. Therefore, any realistic numerical simulation of the TRC composite behavior requires an accurate model of the bond between the reinforcement and the matrix as well as between the filaments within the roving. This paper summarizes the main characteristics of TRC. Further, an adhesive cross linkage approach is used to model the different bond aspects within the roving. In addition to this analytical approach some numerical simulations are presented.

Mechanical properties of a cement-based matrix - grid (CMG) system developed for masonry rehabilitation are discussed. CMG system is a composite consisting of a sequence of layers of cement-based matrix and alkali resistant (AR)-glass coated reinforcing grid. The experimental program included tension and flexural tests of composites with special consideration to long term durability. Variables studied include effect of composite thickness, fabric orientation, and effect of accelerated aging on the tensile and flexural responses. Results indicate that samples in the cross machine direction (XMD) showed the best combination of high tensile strength (in excess of 5 MPa?0.725 ksi) and Ultimate strain value (2.36%) as compared to the machine direction (MD) with (5 MPa?0.725 ksi and ultimate strain of 1.8%). After 28 days of accelerated aging, tensile strengths reduced to about 3.87 MPa?0.56 ksi for the MD and XMD directions respectively, representing average reductions of 23% and 17%. In the flexural samples, cross machine samples (XMD) show a combination of high flexural strength (15-17 MPa?2.18-2.47 ksi) and Maximum deflection (of 15-22 mm?0.59-0.87 in) as compared to the MD samples. Higher stiffness of fabrics in the cross machine direction due to the manufacturing process was the source of such differences in behavior. The first crack strain in flexure is as much as the ultimate tensile strength in tension for many composites. A discussion of comparison of tensile and flexural stress measures is presented.