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International Concrete Abstracts Portal

Showing 1-5 of 7 Abstracts search results

Document: 

SP150-02

Date: 

June 1, 1994

Author(s):

M. E. Ayers, S. Z. Wong, and W. Zaman

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

150

Abstract:

The effect of mix proportions on the compressive strength of flowable fill is investigated in this study. Flowable fill, composed of Type I cement, Class C fly ash, sand, and water, meets the requirements of ACI Committee 229 as a controlled low-strength material (CLSM) if the 28-day compressive strength is 1200 psi (8.3 MPa) or less. Extensive laboratory tests were conducted to determine the effects on the engineering properties of varying the water/cement plus fly ash, sand/cement plus fly ash, and fly ash/cement ratios. A wide range of ratios was evaluated to provide a cost-effective mix design for various material costs. Compressive strengths were determined at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days, providing an indication of the rate of strength development and ultimate compressive strength.

DOI:

10.14359/4326

Document: 

SP150-03

Date: 

June 1, 1994

Author(s):

W. E. Brewer

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

150

Abstract:

Paper covers various aspects of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) and discusses CLSM's durability factors. It reviews CLSM's early history, listing possible uses and applications. Quality assurance and quality control compaisons are made between conventional portland cement concrete and CLSM. CLSM durability factors are referenced for each possible use and application, and tests are listed for CLSM's durability and methods to insure this durability.

DOI:

10.14359/4386

Document: 

SP150-05

Date: 

June 1, 1994

Author(s):

D. A. Clem, K. D. Hansen, and J. B. Kowalsky

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

150

Abstract:

The new Denver International Airport (DIA) has used the world's greatest volume of flowable backfill, estimated at 450,000 yd 3. For one of the initial projects, more than 70,000 yd 3 of flowable backfill were utilized as a bedding material for a concrete pipe drainage system located beneath the taxiways at DIA. The project is unique due to the large volume of flowable backfill required for a single contract, use of on-site sand, and the efficiency of the mixing and placing operation. Paper presents a case study of the project, including mix designs, cost, mixing operation, placing, quality control, and properties of the in-place material.

DOI:

10.14359/4609

Document: 

SP150-01

Date: 

June 1, 1994

Author(s):

T. R. Naik and B. W. Ramme

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

150

Abstract:

Presents results of research performed to identify optimum mix proportions for production of controlled low-strength materials (CLSM) with high fly ash content. CLSM is defined by ACI Committee 229 as a cementitious material that is in a flowable state at the time of placement, with a specified compressive strength of 1200 psi (8.3 MPa or 172,800 psf) or less at 28 days. The fly ash used in this study met the requirements of ASTM C 618 for Class F material. Tests were carried out on concrete designed for 500 to 1500 psi compressive strength at 28 days, with fly ash contents of approximately 500 lb/yd 3. Slump was held at 8 ¦1 in. for all mixes produced. Compressive strengths at 28 days were found to range from 290 to 1640 psi. Construction experience and other planned applications are also discussed. 141-494

DOI:

10.14359/4071

Document: 

SP150-04

Date: 

June 1, 1994

Author(s):

T. E. Nantung and C. F. Scholer

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

150

Abstract:

Most CLSM applications are designed not to resist freeze and thaw. However, in some applications, CLSM is susceptible to freeze-thaw deterioration. The failure of CLSM specimens in freeze and thaw is due mostly to surface scaling. Using a foam generator air-entraining admixture to distribute the voids throughout the mix yields good results. While the permeable void content of a typical CLSM mixture at 28 days is about 27 percent, low-strength CLSM has increasing pulse velocity but does not disintegrate into pieces. However, a typical higher strength CLSM (about 1.103 MPa or 160 psi at 28 days) with the same permeable voids has an almost constant pulse velocity during the freeze-thaw test with a slow rate of cooling. Typical 28-day compressive strength of CLSM ranges from 0.345 to 1.379 Mpa (50 to 200 psi), which is higher than that of most compacted soil or granular fills. The most important property of CLSM at early age is strength development, so that several hours after placement, the structure or facility can resume operation. The results show that there are two important stages in CLSM strength development: the stiffening stage, which indicates that the CLSM is beginning to develop cohesion; and the hardening stage, which indicates that the CLSM has hardened to the point at which it can sustain some load. Presently, only the hardening stage is recognized. CLSM can sustain foot traffic without surface depression 2 to 3 hr after the cement is in contact with the water. However, every CLSM develops strength differently, so that the hardening stage based on time in hours is inappropriate. Using penetration-resistance members is more appropriate for CLSM.

DOI:

10.14359/4077

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