Title:
Inelastic Shear Distribution in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges
Author(s):
Benjamin Z. Dymond, Catherine E. W. French, Carol K. Shield
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
342
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
1-19
Keywords:
shear distribution, inelastic behavior, failure, concrete bridge, load testing, prestressed concrete
DOI:
10.14359/51725934
Date:
6/1/2020
Abstract:
An experimental investigation was conducted on a full-scale prestressed concrete girder laboratory bridge to determine whether linear elastic shear distribution principles are conservative for load rating at ultimate capacity. A secondary goal was to determine whether existing web-shear cracks would be visible in an unloaded state. Two tests were conducted to failure (one near the end with a partial-depth diaphragm and one near the end without) to
determine if the most loaded interior girder shed shear force to adjacent girders as it transitioned from uncracked to cracked to failure. Failure during each test was characterized by web-shear crushing and bridge deck punching at the peak applied load. Differences in the behavior of the two ends (with and without partial depth end diaphragm) affected the diagonal crack pattern, shear distribution, and loads at cracking and failure. The effect on loading was less than 10%. Inelastic shear distribution results indicated the girder carrying the most load redistributed shear to the other
girders as it lost stiffness due to cracking. Use of linear elastic load distribution factors was conservative considering shear distribution at ultimate capacity. The visibility of web-shear cracks in an unloaded state was found to be a function of stirrup spacing.
Related References:
American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (1931). Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges and Incidental Structures, 1st Edition, Washington, D.C.
American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (1989). Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 14th Edition with 1991 Interim Specifications, Washington, D.C.
American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (2002). Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition, Washington, D.C.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (2017). AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition, Washington, DC.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (2011). The Manual for Bridge Evaluation, 2nd Edition, Washington, DC.
Amir, S., van der Veen, C., Walraven, J. C., and de Boer, A. (2016). “Experiments on Punching Shear Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Decks.” ACI Structural Journal, 113(3), 627–636.
Araujo, M. and Cai, C. S. (2006). “Performance of Prestressed Concrete Bridges – Evolution from Elastic to Failure Stages.” Structures Congress: Structural Engineering and Public Safety, St. Louis, MO.
Bagge, N., Popescu, C., and Elfgren, L. (2018). “Failure Tests on Concrete Bridges: Have We Learnt the Lessons?” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, (14)3, 292–319.
Bechtel, A., McConnell, J., and Chajes, M. (2011). “Ultimate Capacity Destructive Testing and Finite-Element Analysis of Steel I-Girder Bridges.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, 16(2), 197-206.
Burdette, E. G., and Goodpasture, D. W. (1973). “Tests of Four Highway Bridges to Failure.” Journal of the Structural Division, 99(3), 335-348.
Burdette, E. G., and Goodpasture, D. W. (1974). “Test to Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Bridge.” PCI Journal, 19(3), 92-103.
Dereli, O., Shield, C. K., and French, C. (2010). “Discrepancies in Shear Strength of Prestressed Beams with Different Specifications.” Report No. MN/RC 2010-03, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 242.
Dymond, B. Z., French, C. W., Shield, C. K. (2016). “Investigation of Shear Distribution Factors in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges.” Report No. MN/RC 2016-32, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 595.
Dymond, B. Z., French, C. E. W., & Shield, C. K. (2018). Torsional effects on load tests to quantify shear distribution in prestressed concrete girder bridges. ACI SP 323-10: Evaluation of Concrete Bridge Behavior through Load Testing - International Perspectives, 10.1–10.18.
Ensink, S. W. H., van der Veen, C., Hordijk, D. A., Lantsoght, E. O. L., van der Ham, H., and de Boer, A. (2018). “Full-Size Field Test of Prestressed Concrete T-Beam Bridge.” Proceedings Structural Faults and Repair and European Bridge Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Hawkins, N. M., Kuchma, D. A., Mast, R. F., Marsh, M. L., and Reineck, K-H. (2005). “Simplified Shear Design of Structural Concrete Members.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 549, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Jorgenson, J. L., and Lawson, W. (1976). “Field Testing of a Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridge to Collapse.” Transportation Research Record 607, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 66-71.
Miller, R. A., Aktan, A. E., and Shahrooz, B. M. (1994). “Destructive Testing of Decommissioned Concrete Slab Bridge.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 120(7), 2176-2198.
Murray, C. D., Arancibia, M. D., Okumus, P., and Floyd, R. W. (2019). “Destructive Testing and Computer Modeling of a Scale Prestressed Concrete I-Girder Bridge.” Engineering Structures, 183, 195-205.
Newmark, N. M., Siess, C. P., and Peckham, R. R. (1946). “Studies of Slab and Beam Highway Bridges. Part I: Tests of Simple-Span Right I-Beam Bridges.” Bulletin Series No. 363, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, pp. 132.
Precast Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) (1997). PCI Bridge Design Manual, 1st Edition, Chicago, IL.
Runzel, B., Shield, C. K., and French, C. W. (2007). “Shear Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Beams.” Report No. MN/RC 2007-47, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 237.
Westergaard, H. M. (1930). “Computations of Stresses in Bridge Slabs Due to Wheel Loads.” Public Roads, 11(1), 1-23.
Wood, S. L. (1991). “Evaluation of the Long-Term Properties of Concrete.” Research and Development Bulletin RD102, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
Zhang J, Peng H, and Cai CS. (2013). “Destructive Testing of a Decommissioned Reinforced Concrete Bridge.” Journal of Bridge Engineering, 18(6), 564-569.
Zokaie, T., Osterkamp, T. A., and Imbsen, R. A. (1991a). “Distribution of Wheel Loads on Highway Bridges.” Transportation Research Record 1290, Volume 1, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 119-126.
Zokaie, T., Osterkamp, T. A., and Imbsen, R. A. (1991b). “Distribution of Wheel Loads on Highway Bridges.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Final Report 12-26/1, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.