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Title: Shotcrete Placed in Multiple Layers does NOT Create Cold Joints

Author(s): Hanskat, C.S.

Publication: Concrete International

Volume: 36

Issue: 12

Appears on pages(s): 46-47

Keywords: vibration, surface, impact, strength

DOI:

Date: 12/1/2014

Abstract:
Shotcrete is typically placed in multiple layers. Unfortunately, designers and inspectors often incorrectly confuse the interfaces between those layers with cold joints experienced in cast-in-place concrete construction. The differences between shotcrete and cast-in-place concrete placements are discussed, with strong emphasis on consolidation of both materials. Interlayer bond formation is described, and surface preparation for shotcrete placement is explained.