International Concrete Abstracts Portal

  

Related References:

ACI SPEC-301-16: Specifications for Structural Concrete

ACI CODE-318-25: Building Code for Structural Concrete—Code Requirements and Commentary

ACI CODE-323-24: Low-Carbon Concrete—Code Requirements and Commentary

ACI CODE-562-25: Assessment, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Structures—Code Requirements and Commentary

ACI PRC-130-19: Report on the Role of Materials in Sustainable Concrete Construction

ACI PRC-130.1-25: Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of Cement-Based Products: State of Practice and Path Forward—TechNote

ACI PRC-201.2-23: Durable Concrete—Guide

ACI PRC-211.1-22: Selecting Proportions for Normal-Density and High Density-Concrete—Guide

ACI PRC-212.3-16: Report on Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

ACI PRC-213-14: Guide for Structural Lightweight-Aggregate Concrete (Reapproved 2023)

ACI PRC-222-19: Guide to Protection of Metals in Concrete Against Corrosion

ACI PRC-222.2-14: Report on Corrosion of Prestressing Steels

ACI PRC-232.1-12: Report on the Use of Raw or Processed Natural Pozzolans in Concrete

ACI PRC-232.2-18: Report on the Use of Fly Ash in Concrete

ACI PRC-232.3-14: Report on High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete for Structural Applications

ACI PRC-232.5-21: Harvested Fly Ash as a Supplementary Cementitious Material—TechNote

ACI PRC-233-17: Guide to the Use of Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar

ACI PRC-234-06: Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete (Reapproved 2012)

ACI PRC-237-07: Self-Consolidating Concrete (Reapproved 2019)

ACI PRC-239-18: Ultra-High Performance Concrete: An Emerging Technology Report

ACI PRC-239.1-24: What is Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC)?—TechNote

ACI PRC-242-22: Alkali-Activated Cements—Report

ACI PRC-304-00: Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete (Reapproved 2009)

ACI PRC-308-16: Guide to External Curing of Concrete

ACI PRC-327-24: Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavements—Guide

ACI PRC-363-10: Report on High-Strength Concrete

ACI PRC-439.6R-19: Guide for the use of ASTM A1035/A1035M Type CS Grade 100 (690) Steel Bars for Structural Concrete

ACI PRC-440-07: Report on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforcement for Concrete Structures

ACI PRC-440.1-15: Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars

ACI PRC-506-22: Shotcrete—Guide

ACI PRC-522-23: Pervious Concrete—Report

ACI PRC-544.1R-96: Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Reapproved 2023)

ACI PRC-544.3-08: Guide for Specifying, Proportioning, and Production of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Reapproved 2023)

ACI PRC-555-01: Removal and Reuse of Hardened Concrete

ASTM A421 Standard Specification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete

ASTM A615 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A706 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM A722 Standard Specification for High-Strength Steel Bars for Prestressed Concrete

ASTM A820 Standard Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

ASTM A1035 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain, Low-Carbon, Chromium, Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

ASTM C39 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C78 Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)

ASTM C94 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete

ASTM C109 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. [50 mm] Cube Specimens)

ASTM C138 Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ASTM C143 Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement

ASTM C157 Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete

ASTM C173 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

ASTM C187 Standard Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste

ASTM C191 Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle

ASTM C204 Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus

ASTM C231 Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

ASTM C232 Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete

ASTM C295 Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete

ASTM C311 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete

ASTM C403 Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance

ASTM C457 Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete

ASTM C469 Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression

ASTM C494 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

ASTM C496 Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM C512 Standard Test Method for Creep of Concrete in Compression

ASTM C595 Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements

ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete

ASTM C642 Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete

ASTM C666 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing

ASTM C672 Standard Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals

ASTM C845 Standard Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement

ASTM C876 Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete

ASTM C944 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method

ASTM C989 Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars

ASTM C1064 Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C1012 Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution

ASTM C1157 Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

ASTM C1202 Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration

ASTM C1240 Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures

ASTM C1260 Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)

ASTM C1293 Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction

ASTM C1437 Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar

ASTM C1556 Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient of Cementitious Mixtures by Bulk Diffusion

ASTM C1567 Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)

ASTM C1600 Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ASTM C1602 Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete

ASTM C1603 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Solids in Water

ASTM C1610 Standard Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column Technique

ASTM C1697 Standard Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials

ASTM C1702 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry

ASTM C1709 Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCMs) for Use in Concrete

ASTM C1712 Standard Test Method for Rapid Assessment of Static Segregation Resistance of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Penetration Test

ASTM C1778 Standard Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

ASTM C1797 Standard Specification for Ground Calcium Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral Fillers for Use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete

ASTM C1798 Standard Specification for Returned Fresh Concrete for Use in a New Batch of Ready-Mixed Concrete

ASTM C1856 Standard Practice for Fabricating and Testing Specimens of Ultra-High Performance Concrete

ASTM C1866 Standard Specification for Ground-Glass Pozzolan for Use in Concrete

ASTM C1872 Standard Test Method for Thermogravimetric Analysis of Hydraulic Cement

ASTM C1897 Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Reactivity of Supplementary Cementitious Materials by Isothermal Calorimetry and Bound Water Measurements

ASTM C1905 Standard Specification for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

ASTM C1910 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Rate for Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural Members

ASTM C1928 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Material Mortars (Using 2-in. [50 mm] Cube Specimens)

ASTM C1948 Standard Specification for Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials

ASTM G109 Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments

AASHTO M 240 Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement

AASHTO M 295 Standard Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete

AASHTO M 302 Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars

AASHTO M 307 Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar

AASHTO M 321 Standard Specification for High-Reactivity Pozzolans for Use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete, Mortar, and Grout

ISO 14025 Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental declarations — Principles and procedures

ISO 14040 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework

ISO 14044 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines

ISO 21930 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services

EN 197-1:2011 — Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements

EN 14647:2005 — Calcium aluminate cement — Composition, specifications and conformity criteria

EN 15743:2010+A1:2015 — Supersulfated cement — Composition, specifications and conformity criteria

EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 — Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products

ACA. 2022. Portland-Limestone Cement U.S. Fact Sheet. American Cement Association.

ACA Climate and Sustainability Council. 2021. Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality. American Cement Association. https://www.cement.org/sustainability/roadmap-to-carbon-neutrality.

ACAA. 2024. “Coal Combustion Products Production & Use Reports.” https://acaa-usa.org/publications/production-use-reports/.

ACAA. 2025. American Coal Ash Association ASH at Work Magazine.

ACI. 2025. ACI Strategic Plan, July 21. https://www.concrete.org/aboutaci/strategicplan.aspx.

ACI CT. 2023. ACI Concrete Terminology.

ACI E1. 2016. ACI E1-16: Aggregates for Concrete. ACI Education Bulletin No. E1.

ACI E2. 2006. ACI E2-06: Reinforcement for Concrete. ACI Education Bulletin No. E2.

ACI E3. 2013. ACI E3-13: Cementitious Materials for Concrete. ACI Education Bulletin No. E3.

ACI E4. 2022. ACI E4-22: Chemical Admixtures for Concrete. ACI Education Bulletin No. E4.

ACI ITG-10. 2018. ACI ITG-10.1R-18: Report on Alternative Cements. American Concrete Institute.

ACI ITG-10R. 2018. ACI ITG-10R-18: Practitioner’s Guide for Alternative Cements. American Concrete Institute.

Adams, Matthew. 2024. “On-Demand Course: ACI CODE-323: Low-Carbon Concrete Code.” American Concrete Institute (ACI). https://www.concrete.org/store/productdetail.aspx?ItemID=WCEU2416&Format=ONLINE_LEARNING&Language=English&Units=US_Units.

Adesina, A. 2020. “Recent Advances in the Concrete Industry to Reduce Its Carbon Dioxide Emissions.” Environmental Challenges 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2020.100004.

Adiguzel, Deniz, Serkan Tuylu, and Hasan Eker. 2022. “Utilization of Tailings in Concrete Products: A Review.” Construction and Building Materials 360 (December): 129574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129574.

Al-Ayish, Nadia, Otto During, Katarina Malaga, Nelson Silva, and Kjartan Gudmundsson. 2018. “The Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Climate Impact of Concrete Structures Exposed to Chlorides.” Nordic Concrete Research 58 (June): 77–93. https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2018-0005.

Aldabagh Saif and Alam M. Shahria. 2020. “High-Strength Steel Reinforcement (ASTM A1035/A1035M Grade 690): State-of-the-Art Review.” Journal of Structural Engineering 146 (8): 03120003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002720.

Al-Hashem, Mohammed Najeeb, Muhammad Nasir Amin, Ali Ajwad, et al. 2022. “Mechanical and Durability Evaluation of Metakaolin as Cement Replacement Material in Concrete.” Materials 15 (22): 7868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227868.

American Galvanizers Association (AGA). 2013. Galvanizing for Sustainable Design. https://galvanizeit.org/uploads/publications/Galvanizing_for_Sustainable_Design.pdf.

Amirkhanian, Armen, and Jeffrey Roesler. 2019. Overview of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks. InTrans Project 15-532. Technology Transfer Concrete Consortium (TTCC) Pooled Fund Study, TPF-5(313). National Concrete Pavement Technology (CP Tech) Center, Iowa State University. https://cptechcenter.org/research/completed-research/projects/overview-of-fiber-reinforced-concrete-bridge-decks/.

Assis, Hiberaldo Júnior Batista de, Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra, Junia Nunes de Paula, and Wagner Guadagnin Moravia. 2024. “Utilization of Recycled Synthetic Fibers in Concrete with a Focus on Structural Properties Enhancement: A Critical Literature Review.” Discover Materials 4 (1): 77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-024-00150-1.

ASTM International. 2023. Environmental Product Declaration: Portland Cement. American Cement Association.

ASTM International and Portland Cement Association. 2023. Environmental Product Declaration: Portland-Limestone Cement. American Cement Association.

Athena Sustainable Materials Institute. 2022. A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Ready-Mixed Concrete Manufactured by NRMCA Members – Version 3.2 - Appendix C. National Ready Mixed Concrete Association.

Barnat-Hunek, Danuta, Jacek Góra, Zbigniew Suchorab, and Grzegorz Łagód. 2018. “Cement Kiln Dust.” Waste and Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete: Characterisation, Properties and Applications, January 1, 149–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102156-9.00005-5.

Bentz, D. 2006. “Modeling the Influence of Limestone Filler on Cement Hydration Using CEMHYD3D.” Cement and Concrete Composites 28 (February): 124–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.10.006.

Bentz, Dale P., Scott Z. Jones, and Didier Lootens. 2016. Minimizing Paste Content in Concrete Using Limestone Powders - Demonstration Mixtures. NIST TN 1906. National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1906.

Bernal, Susan A., Maria C. G. Juenger, Xinyuan Ke, et al. 2016. “Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials by Thermal Analysis.” Materials and Structures 50 (1): 26. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0909-2.

Bernal, Susan A., and John L. Provis. 2014. “Durability of Alkali-Activated Materials: Progress and Perspectives.” Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97 (4): 997–1008. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.12831.

Bernard, Ellina, Hoang Nguyen, Shiho Kawashima, et al. 2023. “MgO-Based Cements – Current Status and Opportunities.” RILEM Technical Letters 8 (November): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2023.177.

Bhardwaj, Atish, Pankaj Kumar, Salman Siddique, and Abhilash Shukla. 2023. “Comprehensive Review on Utilization of Waste Foundry Sand in Concrete.” European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 27 (3): 1056–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2022.2070778.

Bourbia, S., H. Kazeoui, and R. Belarbi. 2023. “A Review on Recent Research on Bio-Based Building Materials and Their Applications.” Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy 12 (2): 117–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40243-023-00234-7.

Brundtland, Gro Harlem. 1988. “The Brundtland Report: ‘Our Common Future.’” United Nations Report, 4 (1), https://doi.org/10.1080/07488008808408783.

Bùi, Vân, Chris Eagon, Steve Schaef, and Paul Seiler. 2019. Innovative Nanoparticle-Based Admixture for Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. https://doi.org/10.18552/2019/IDSCMT5033.

Carroll, J. Chris, Thomas E. Cousins, and Carin L. Roberts-Wollmann. 2017. “The Use of Grade 300 Prestressing Strand in Pretensioned, Prestressed Concrete Beams.” PCI Journal 62 (1). https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij62.1-01.

Charitha, V., V.S. Athira, V. Jittin, A. Bahurudeen, and P. Nanthagopalan. 2021. “Use of Different Agro-Waste Ashes in Concrete for Effective Upcycling of Locally Available Resources.” Construction and Building Materials 285 (May): 122851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122851.

Christiansen, Mary U. 2013. “An Investigation of Waste Glass-Based Geopolymers Supplemented With Alumina.” Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(74)90006-7.

Christiansen, Mary U., and Benjamin Z. Dymond. 2019. “Effect of Composition on Performance of Ground Glass Pozzolan.” ACI Materials Journal 116 (4). https://doi.org/10.14359/57176749.

Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI). 2022. Environmental Product Declaration for Fabricated Steel Reinforcement Bar (Industry‑Wide). Environmental Product Declaration (Type III, ISO 14025 / ISO 21930). CRSI.

Cordeiro, G.C., L.M. Tavares, and R.D. Toledo Filho. 2016. “Improved Pozzolanic Activity of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash by Selective Grinding and Classification.” Cement and Concrete Research 89 (November): 269–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.08.020.

Czigler, Thomas, Sebastian Reiter, Patrick Schulze, and Ken Somers. 2020. “Laying the Foundation for Zero-Carbon Cement.” McKinsey & Company.

Danish, Aamar, Mohammad Mosaberpanah, Muhammad Usama Salim, Naveed Ahmad, Farhan Ahmad, and Afeef Ahmad. 2021. “Reusing Biochar as a Filler or Cement Replacement Material in Cementitious Composites: A Review.” Construction and Building Materials 300 (July): 124295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124295.

Davidovits, J. 1989. “Geopolymers and Geopolymeric Materials.” Journal of Thermal Analysis 35 (Compendex): 429–41.

Davolio, Marco, Giovanni Muciaccia, and Liberato Ferrara. 2025. “Concrete Carbon Mixing – A Systematic Review on the Processes and Their Effects on the Material Performance.” Cleaner Materials 15 (March): 100292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2025.100292.

De Belie, Nele, Charlotte Dossche, Veerle Boel, and Wouter De Corte. 2015. “Green Concrete: Optimization Of High-Strength Concrete Based On LCA.” Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures. American Concrete Institute. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688594.

Diaz-Loya, Ivan, Maria Juenger, Saamiya Seraj, and Rafic Minkara. 2019. “Extending Supplementary Cementitious Material Resources: Reclaimed and Remediated Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans.” Cement and Concrete Composites 101: 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.06.011.

Dowdy, Nicolas, and Wil Srubar. 2024. “Biomineralization in Cement and Concrete Research.” RILEM Technical Letters 8 (January): 113–24. https://doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2023.187.

Dreyfus, Gabrielle B., Yangyang Xu, Drew T. Shindell, Durwood Zaelke, and Veerabhadran Ramanathan. 2022. “Mitigating Climate Disruption in Time: A Self-Consistent Approach for Avoiding Both near-Term and Long-Term Global Warming.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (22): e2123536119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2123536119.

Driver, Justin G., Ellina Bernard, Piera Patrizio, Paul S. Fennell, Karen Scrivener, and Rupert J. Myers. 2024. “Global Decarbonization Potential of CO2 Mineralization in Concrete Materials.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 (29): e2313475121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313475121.

Du, Hongjian, and Kiang Hwee Tan. 2014. “Concrete with Recycled Glass as Fine Aggregates.” ACI Materials Journal 111 (1). https://doi.org/10.14359/51686446.

Duxson, P, A Fernandez-Jimenez, J L Provis, G C Lukey, A Palomo, and J S J van Deventer. 2007. “Geopolymer Technology: The Current State of the Art.” Journal of Materials Science 42 (9): 2917–33. https://doi.org/DOI%252010.1007/s10853-006-0637-z.

Duxson, Peter, John L Provis, Grant C Lukey, and Jannie S J van Deventer. 2007. “The Role of Inorganic Polymer Technology in the Development of ‘Green Concrete.’” Cement and Concrete Research 37 (Compendex): 1590–97.

Dynan, Daniel, Faiz Shaikh, Sonya Derry, and Wahidul K. Biswas. 2023. “Eco-Efficiency Assessment Utilizing Recycled Glass Aggregate in Concrete.” Buildings 13 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040910.

Ellis, Leah D., Andres F. Badel, Miki L. Chiang, Richard J.-Y. Park, and Yet-Ming Chiang. 2020. “Toward Electrochemical Synthesis of Cement—An Electrolyzer-Based Process for Decarbonating CaCO3 While Producing Useful Gas Streams.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (23): 12584–91. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821673116.

Fang, Zheng, Guangqi Xiong, Zongxuan Shao, et al. 2024. “Electrochemical Recycling of Recycled Concrete Powder: Selective Recovery of Calcium and Silica to Enable Sustainable Construction Materials.” Resources, Environment and Sustainability 18 (December): 100182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100182.

FAOSTAT. 2021. “FAOSTAT Statistical Database: Crops – Rice, Paddy – Production Quantity.” https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.

FAOSTAT. 2024. “FAOSTAT Statistical Database: Crops – Sugar Cane – Production Quantity.” https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.

Favier, Aurélie, Catherine De Wolf, Karen Scrivener, and Guillaume Habert. 2018. A Sustainable Future for the European Cement and Concrete Industry: Technology Assessment for Full Decarbonisation of the Industry by 2050. ETH Zurich. Application/pdf, 96 p. https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000301843.

FHWA. 2004. Transportation Applications Of Recycled Concrete Aggregate.

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FHWA. 2012a. Use of Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Pavements. FHWA-HIF-12-008. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.

FHWA. 2012b. User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction. FHWA-HIF-12-031. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.

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GCCA. 2021. Concrete Future: The GCCA 2050 Cement and Concrete Industry Roadmap for Net Zero Concrete.

Ghafari, Ehsan, Dimitri Feys, and Kamal Khayat. 2016. “Feasibility of Using Natural SCMs in Concrete for Infrastructure Applications.” Construction and Building Materials 127 (November): 724–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.070.

Gomes, Henrique C., Elvys D. Reis, Rogério C. Azevedo, Conrado D. Rodrigues, and Flávia S. Poggiali. 2023. “Carbonation of Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste Applied to Concrete: A Review.” Buildings 13 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041097.

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Haddad, Bechara, Farjallah Alassaad, Houssam Affan, Abdelrahman Mohamad, and Nassim Sebaibi. 2024. “Characterization of Mortars Incorporating Concrete Washing Fines: Impact on Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Carbon Footprint.” Applied Sciences 14 (18). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188381.

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Harrison, Thomas, Martyn Roderick Jones, and David Lawrence. 2019. “The Production of Low Energy Cements.” Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete.

Hasheminezhad, Araz, Daniel King, Halil Ceylan, and Sunghwan Kim. 2024. “Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Concrete: A Review.” The Science of the Total Environment 950: 175310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175310.

Hernández Vargas, José, Andreas Sjölander, Helena Westerlind, and Johan Silfwerbrand. 2024. “Internal Topology Optimisation of 3D Printed Concrete Structures: A Method for Enhanced Performance and Material Efficiency.” Virtual and Physical Prototyping 19 (1): e2346290. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2024.2346290.

Hewlett, Peter C., and Martin Liška, eds. 2019. Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete. Fifth edition. Butterworth-Heinemann.

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Hooton, R. Douglas, Lawrence Sutter, and Mary U. Christiansen. 2017. “Development of Test Methods and Specifications for Chemically Activated Binders.” 10th ACI/RILEM International Conference on Cementitious Materials and Alternative Binders for Sustainable Concrete. American Concrete Institute. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701076.

Huang, Beijia, Xiaofeng Gao, Xiaozhen Xu, et al. 2020. “A Life Cycle Thinking Framework to Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Building Materials.” One Earth 3 (5): 564–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.10.010.

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