How ACI Shaped Concrete Codes and Practice in Indonesia, Part 1

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Title: How ACI Shaped Concrete Codes and Practice in Indonesia, Part 1

Author(s): Nuraziz Handika, Prasanti Widyasih Sarli, Josia Irwan Rastandi, Mulia Orientilize, and Jessica Sjah

Publication: Concrete International

Volume: 47

Issue: 10

Appears on pages(s): 65-70

Keywords:

DOI: 10.14359/51749205

Date: 10/1/2025

Abstract:
This article explores the evolution of Indonesia's concrete design codes, and how a foundation was built through decades of engagement with ACI standards. Through the Indonesian Society of Civil and Structural Engineers (HAKI) and ACI's shared commitment to excellence, a code born from colonial, Dutch origins evolved into a modern standard tailored to Indonesia's seismic realities.

Related References:

1. Nugroho, W.O.; Sagara, A.; and Imran, I., “The Evolution of Indonesian Seismic and Concrete Building Codes: From the Past to the Present,” Structures, V. 41, July 2022, pp. 1092-1108.

2. PBI 1971, “Peraturan Beton Bertulag Indonesia 1971 (Indonesian Reinforced Concrete Code 1971),” National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, Department of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 1971, 257 pp. (in Indonesian)

3. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 323, “Tentative Recommendations for Prestressed Concrete,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 54, No. 1, Jan. 1958, pp. 545-578.

4. Shahab, H., Dokumentasi dan Konstruksi dalam Pelaksanaan Bagian 1 (Documentation and Construction in Implementation Part 1), Djambatan Publishing, Jakarta, Indonesia, 1999, pp. 101-105 (in Indonesian)

5. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-71),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1971, 78 pp.

6. CP 110:1972 Part 1, “Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Concrete — Design, Materials and Workmanship,” British Standards Institution (BSI), London, UK, 1972, 155 pp.

7. VB 1972, “Voorschriften Beton 1972 (Concrete Code 1972),” Royal Netherlands Society of Engineers (KIVI), Haag, the Netherlands, 1971. (in Dutch)

8. Boen, T., “Belajar dari Kerusakan akibat Gempa Bumi - Bangunan Tembokan Nir-Rekayasa di Indonesia (Lesson Learned from Earthquake Damage - Non-Engineered Masonry Buildings in Indonesia),” Gajah Mada University Press, June 2016, 292 pp. (in Indonesian)

9. “220 Killed as Quake hits Bali,” The Sydney Morning Herald, AAP, July 16, 1976, https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WfxjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4666%2C4404911. (last accessed Sept 17, 2025).

10. “Quake Jolts Island of Bali; 275 killed,” Eugene Register-Guard, UPI, July 15, 1976, https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zKtVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616%2C3592129. (last accessed Sept. 17, 2025)

11. SK SNI T-15-1991-03, “Struktur Beton Bertulang (Reinforced Concrete Structure),” Department of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 1991, 185 pp. (in Indonesian)

12. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-83),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1983, 112 pp.

13. SNI 03-2847-1992, “Tata Cara Perhitungan Struktur Beton untuk Bangunan Gedung (Procedures for Calculating Concrete Building Structures),” National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN), Jakarta, Indonesia, 1993, 118 pp. (in Indonesian)

14. SNI 03-2847-2002, “Tatacara Perhitungan Struktur Beton Untuk Bangunan Gedung (Procedures for Calculating Concrete Building Structures),” National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN), Jakarta, Indonesia, 2002, 292 pp. (in Indonesian)

15. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-99) and Commentary (ACI 318RM-99),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1999, 391 pp.

16. SNI 2847:2013, “Persyaratan Beton Struktural untuk Bangunan Gedung (Structural Concrete Requirements for Building Construction and Commentary),” National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN), Jakarta, Indonesia, 2013, 265 pp. (in Indonesian).

17. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-11) and Commentary (ACI 318RM-11),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 503 pp.

18. SNI 2847:2019, “Persyaratan Beton Struktural untuk Bangunan Gedung Dan Penjelasan (ACI 318M-14),” National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN), Jakarta, Indonesia, 2019, 716 pp. (in Indonesian)

19. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-14) and Commentary (ACI 318RM-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.

20. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-19) and Commentary (ACI 318RM-19),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2019, 628 pp.

21. “SNI 1726:2019 – Indonesia Seismic Code,” National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN), Jakarta, Indonesia, 2019, 250 pp. (in Indonesian)

22. CTBUH, “Autograph Tower – The Tallest Building in the Southern Hemisphere,” Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), 2021, https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/autograph-tower/39449. (last accessed Sept. 17, 2025).




  

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