International Concrete Abstracts Portal

  

Related References:

1. Singh, M.; Saini, B.; and Chalak, H. D., “Performance and Composition Analysis of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC): A Review,” Journal of Building Engineering, V. 26, 2019, pp. 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100851

2. Li, V. C., “On Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC): A Review of the Material and its Applications,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, V. 1, No. 3, 2003, pp. 215-230. doi: 10.3151/jact.1.215

3. Li, V. C., Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC): Bendable Concrete for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2019.

4. Bentur, A., and Mindess, S., Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites, second edition, E & FN Spon, London, UK, 2007.

5. Hajj, E.; Sanders, D. H.; and Weitzel, N. D., “Development of Specifications for Engineered Cementitious Composites for Use in Bridge Deck Overlays,” University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 2016.

6. Park, P.; Jones, R.; Castillo, L.; Vallangca, M.; and Cantu, F., “Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) for Applications in Texas,” Technical Report 0-7030-1, TxDOT Project Number 0-7030, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 2020.

7. Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B. B.; and Adak, D., “Advances and Perspectives in Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC): A Comprehensive Review,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 76, No. 20, 2024, pp. 1165-1184. doi: 10.1680/jmacr.24.00047

8. Deng, B. Y.; Li, L. Z.; Tan, D.; Uddin, M. N.; Cai, Z. W.; and Yu, K. Q., “Sustainable and Cost-Effective Ultra-Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composite: Design and Material Characterization,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 136, 2023, p. 104895. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104895

9. Liao, Q.; Su, Y. R.; Yu, J. T.; and Yu, K. Q., “Compression-Shear Performance and Failure Criteria of Seawater Sea-Sand Engineered Cementitious Composites with Polyethylene Fibers,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 345, 2022, p. 128386. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128386

10. Billington, S. L., and Yoon, J. K., “Cyclic Response of Unbonded Posttensioned Precast Columns with Ductile Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 9, No. 4, 2004, pp. 353-363. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2004)9:4(353)

11. Meng, D.; Huang, T.; Zhang, Y. X.; and Lee, C. K., “Mechanical Behaviour of a Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibre Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composite (PVA-ECC) Using Local Ingredients,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 141, 2017, pp. 259-270. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.158

12. Li, J., and Yang, E. H., “Macroscopic and Micro Structural Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating Recycled Concrete Fines,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 78, 2017, pp. 33-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.12.013

13. Huang, T., and Zhang, Y. X., “Mechanical Properties of a PVA Fiber Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Sustainable Solutions in Structural Engineering and Construction, 2014, pp. 439-444.

14. Zhou, J.; Quian, S.; and Breugel, K. V., “Engineered Cementitious Composites with Low Volume of Cementitious Materials,” Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures: Proceedings of FraMCoS-7, 2010 May 23-28, 2010, pp. 1551-1556.

15. Huang, B. T.; Weng, K. F.; Zhu, J. X.; Xiang, Y.; Dai, J. G.; and Li, V. C., “Engineered/Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites (ECC/SHCC) with an Ultra-High Compressive Strength over 210 MPa,” Composites Communications, V. 26, 2021, p. 100775. doi: 10.1016/j.coco.2021.100775

16. Zhou, J.; Pan, J.; and Leung, C. K., “Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composites in Uniaxial Compression,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 27, No. 1, 2015, p. 04014111. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001034

17. Huang, X.; Ranade, R.; Zhang, Q.; Ni, W.; and Li, V. C., “Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Green Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 48, 2013, pp. 954-960. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.104

18. Wang, S. X., and Li, V. C., “Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composites: Materials Design and Performances,” International RILEM Workshop on High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCC) in Structural Applications, G. Fischer and V. C. Li, eds., Honolulu, HI, 2005, pp. 65-73.

19. Yu, K.; McGee, W.; Ng, T. Y.; Zhu, H.; and Li, V. C., “3D-Printable Engineered Cementitious Composites (3DP-ECC): Fresh and Hardened Properties,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 143, 2021, p. 106388. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106388

20. Sahmaran, M.; Lachemi, M.; and Li, V. C., “Assessing Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fire-Damaged Engineered Cementitious Composites,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 107, No. 3, May-June 2010, pp. 297-304.

21. Yu, K. Q.; Yu, J. T.; Dai, J. G.; Lu, Z. D.; and Shah, S. P.,

“Development of Ultra-High Performance Engineered Cementitious Composites Using Polyethylene (PE) Fibers,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 158, 2018, pp. 217-227. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.040

22. Li, V., “Tailoring ECC for Special Attributes: A Review,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 6, No. 3, 2012, pp. 135-144. doi: 10.1007/s40069-012-0018-8

23. Zhou, Y. W.; Xi, B.; Yu, K. Q.; Sui, L. L.; and Xing, F., “Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Ultra-High Performance Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating Steel and Polyethylene Fibers,” Materials, V. 11, No. 8, 2018, p. 1448. doi: 10.3390/ma11081448

24. Ajith, G.; Shanmugasundaram, N.; and Praveenkumar, S., “Effect of Mineral Admixtures and Manufactured Sand on Compressive Strength of Engineered Cementitious Composite,” Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation, V. 6, No. 1, 2021, p. 38. doi: 10.1007/s41024-021-00137-y

25. Altwair, N. M.; Magat Johari, M. A.; and Saiyid Hashim, S. F., “Flexural Performance of Green Engineered Cementitious Composites Containing High Volume of Palm Oil Fuel Ash,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 37, 2012, pp. 518-525. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.003

26. Zhu, J. X.; Xu, L. Y.; Huang, B. T.; Weng, K. F.; and Dai, J. G., “Recent Developments in Engineered/Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites (ECC/SHCC) with High & Ultra-High Strength,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 342, 2022, p. 127956. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127956

27. Zhang, Z., and Qian, S., “Influence of Crumb Rubber on the Mechanical Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites,” VIII International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures FraMCOS-8, Toledo, Spain, 2013, pp. 1-10.

28. Ling, G.; Shui, Z.; Gao, X.; Sun, T.; Yu, R.; and Li, X., “Utilizing Iron Ore Tailing as Cementitious Material for Eco-Friendly Design of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC),” Materials, V. 14, No. 8, 2021, p. 1829. doi: 10.3390/ma14081829

29. Gulghane, A. A., and Bari, C., “Comparative Analysis of ECC by Partial Replacement of Cement with Slag Sand,” Smart Technologies for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development - Select Proceedings of ICSTEESD 2018, M. L. Kolhe, P. K. Labhasetwar, and H. M. Suryawanshi, eds., Springer, Singapore, 2019, pp. 427-435.

30. Turk, K., and Demirhan, S., “The Mechanical Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Containing Limestone Powder Replaced by Microsilica Sand,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 40, No. 2, 2013, pp. 151-157. doi: 10.1139/cjce-2012-0281

31. Raza, A.; Zhang, J.; Xu, S.; Umar, M.; and Yuan, C., “Experimental Analysis of Frost Resistance and Failure Models in Engineered Cementitious Composites with the Integration of Yellow River Sand,” Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, V. 31, No. 1, 2024, pp. 1-19. doi: 10.1515/secm-2024-0017

32. Lepech, M. D., and Li, V. C., “Water Permeability of Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 31, No. 10, 2009, pp. 744-753. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.07.002

33. Maalej, M., and Li, V. C., “Introduction of Strain-Hardening Engineered Cementitious Composites in the Design of Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members for Improved Durability,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 92, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1995, pp. 167-176.

34. Li, V. C., “Engineered Cementitious Composites - Tailored Composites through Micromechanical Modeling,” Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Present and the Future, N. Banthia, A. Bentur, and A. Mufti, eds., Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada, 1998, pp. 64-97.

35. Maalej, M.; Quek, S. T.; Ahmed, S. F. U.; Zhang, J.; Lin, V. W. J.; and Leong, K. S., “Review of Potential Structural Applications of Hybrid Fiber Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 36, 2012, pp. 216-227. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.010

36. Soe, K. T.; Zhang, Y. X.; and Zhang, L. C., “Material Properties of a New Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composite,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 43, 2013, pp. 399-407. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.021

37. Kawamata, A.; Mihashi, H.; and Fukuyama, H., “Properties of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Cement-Based Composites,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, V. 1, No. 3, 2003, pp. 283-290. doi: 10.3151/jact.1.283

38. Lawler, J. S.; Zampini, D.; and Shah, S. P., “Micro Fiber and Macro Fiber Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 17, No. 5, 2005, pp. 595-604. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2005)17:5(595)

39. AASHTO T 132-87(R2013), “Standard Method of Test for Tensile Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars,” American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2013.

40. RILEM TC 162-TDF, “Uni-Axial Tension Test for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” Materials and Structures, V. 34, No. 1, 2001, pp. 3-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02482193

41. AFGC, Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concretes—Interim Recommendations, AFGC Scientific and Technical Documents, Association Française de Génie Civil, Paris, France, 2002.

42. JSCE Concrete Committee, Recommendations for Design and Construction of High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites with Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Tokyo, Japan, 2008.

43. ASTM C293/C293M-10, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.

44. ASTM C78/C78M-10, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.

45. ASTM C1399/C1399M-10, “Standard Test Method for Obtaining Average Residual-Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.

46. ASTM C1609/C1609M-12, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam with Third-Point Loading),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.

47. RILEM TC 162-TDF, “Test and Design Methods for Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Bending Test,” Materials and Structures, V. 35, No. 9, 2002, pp. 579-582.

48. BS EN 14651:2005+A1:2007, “Test Method for Metallic Fibre Concrete: Measuring the Flexural Tensile Strength (Limit of Proportionality (LOP), Residual),” British Standards Institution, London, UK, 2007.

49. Zhang, D.; Yu, J.; Wu, H.; Jaworska, B.; Ellis, B. R.; and Li, V. C., “Discontinuous Micro-Fibers as Intrinsic Reinforcement for Ductile Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC),” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 184, 2020, p. 107741. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107741

50. Sun, R.; Hu, X.; Ling, Y.; Zuo, Z.; Zhuang, P.; and Wang, F., “Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composite under Dry-Wet Cycles,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 260, 2020, p. 119943. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119943

51. Li, M., and Li, V. C., “Cracking and Healing of Engineered Cementitious Composites under Chloride Environment,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 108, No. 3, May-June 2011, pp. 333-341.

52. Sun, R.; Lu, W.; Ma, C.; Tawfek, A. M.; Guan, Y.; Hu, X.; Zhang, H.; Ling, Y.; and Savija, B., “Effect of Crack Width and Wet-Dry Cycles on the Chloride Penetration Resistance of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC),” Construction and Building Materials, V. 352, 2022, p. 129030. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129030

53. Shumuye, E. D.; Li, W.; Liu, J.; Wang, Z.; Yu, J.; and Wu, H., “Self-Healing Recovery and Micro-Structural Properties of Slag/Fly-Ash Based Engineered Cementitious Composites under Chloride Environment and Tidal Exposure,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 134, 2022, p. 104789. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104789

54. Wang, L.; Han, X.; Tian, L.; Wang, P.; and Sun, X., “Influence of Frost Damage on Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, V. 21, No. 12, 2023, pp. 971-982. doi: 10.3151/jact.21.971

55. Hou, L.; Xu, R.; Chen, D.; Xu, S.; and Aslani, F., “Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composite Members and Reinforced Concrete/Engineered Cementitious Composite Members: A Review,” Structural Concrete, V. 21, No. 1, 2020, pp. 199-219. doi: 10.1002/suco.201800269

56. Sasmal, S., and Avinash, G., “Investigations on Mechanical Performance of Cementitious Composites Micro-Engineered with Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 128, 2016, pp. 136-147. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.025

57. Pan, Z.; Wu, C.; Liu, J.; Wang, W.; and Liu, J., “Study on Mechanical Properties of Cost-Effective Polyvinyl Alcohol Engineered Cementitious Composites (PVA-ECC),” Construction and Building Materials, V. 78, 2015, pp. 397-404. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.071

58. Zhu, M.; Chen, B.; Wu, M.; and Han, J., “Effects of Different Mixing Ratio Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Cost-Effective Green Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC),” Construction and Building Materials, V. 328, 2022, p. 127093. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127093

59. Yang, Y.; Gao, X.; Deng, H.; Yu, P.; and Yao, Y., “Effects of Water/Binder Ratio on the Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Journal of Wuhan University of Technology. Materials Science Edition, V. 25, No. 2, 2010, pp. 298-302. doi: 10.1007/s11595-010-2298-7

60. Şahmaran, M.; Bilici, Z.; Ozbay, E.; Erdem, T. K.; Yucel, H. E.; and Lachemi, M., “Improving the Workability and Rheological Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Using Factorial Experimental Design,” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 45, No. 1, 2013, pp. 356-368. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.08.015

61. Fischer, G., and Wang, S. X., “Design of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) for Processing and Workability Requirements,” Brittle Matrix Composites 7, A. M. Brandt, V. C. Li, and I. H. Marshall, eds., Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, UK, 2003, pp. 29-36.

62. Kim, J. K.; Kim, J. S.; Ha, G. J.; and Kim, Y. Y., “Tensile and Fiber Dispersion Performance of ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composites) Produced with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 37, No. 7, 2007, pp. 1096-1105. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.04.006

63. Nicolaides, D.; Kanellopoulos, A.; Petrou, M.; Savva, P.; and Mina, A., “Development of a New Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (UHPFRCC) for Impact and Blast Protection of Structures,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 95, 2015, pp. 667-674. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.136

64. Ma, H.; Yi, C.; and Wu, C., “Review and Outlook on Durability of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC),” Construction and Building Materials, V. 287, 2021, p. 122719. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122719

65. Xu, S. L., and Cai, X. H., “Experimental Study of the Durability Properties of Ultra-High Toughness Cementitious Composites under Freeze and Thawing Cycles,” Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao, V. 42, No. 9, 2009, pp. 42-46.

66. Xu, S. L., and Cai, X. H., “Experimental Studies on Permeability and Carbonation Properties of Ultra-High Toughness Cementitious Composites,” Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, V. 27, No. 3, 2010, pp. 177-183.

67. Ranjith, S.; Venkatasubramani, R.; and Sreevidya, V., “Comparative Study on Durability Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites with Polypropylene Fiber and Glass Fiber,” Archives of Civil Engineering, V. 63, No. 4, 2017, pp. 83-101. doi: 10.1515/ace-2017-0042

68. Şahmaran, M.; Ozbay, E.; Yucel, H. E.; Lachemi, M.; and Li, V., “Effect of Fly Ash and PVA Fiber on Microstructural Damage and Residual Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Exposed to High Temperatures,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 23, No. 12, 2011, pp. 1735-1745. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000335

69. Yu, J. T.; Lin, J. H.; Zhang, Z. G.; and Li, V., “Mechanical Performance of ECC with High-Volume Fly ash after Sub-Elevated Temperature,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 99, 2015, pp. 82-89. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.002

70. Mechtcherine, V.; Silva, F. A.; Müller, S.; Jun, P.; and Filho, R. D. T., “Coupled Strain Rate and Temperature Effects on the Tensile Behavior of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) with PVA Fibers,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 42, No. 11, 2012, pp. 1417-1427. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.08.011

71. Ranade, R.; Heard, W. F.; and Williams, B. A., “Multi-Scale Mechanical Performance of High Strength-High Ductility Concrete,” Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1 - Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, B. Song, L. Lamberson, D. Casem, and J. Kimberley, eds., Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2016, pp. 93-101.

72. Ding, Y.; Yu, K.; and Mao, W., “Compressive Performance of All-Grade Engineered Cementitious Composites: Experiment and Theoretical Model,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 244, 2020, p. 118357. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118357

73. Ran, H. Y.; Elchalakani, M.; Boussaid, F.; Yehia, S.; Sadakkathulla, M. A.; and Yang, B., “Development and Evaluation of Conductive Ultra-Lightweight Cementitious Composites for Smart and Sustainable Infrastructure Applications,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 375, 2023, p. 131017. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131017

74. Ran, H. Y.; Elchalakani, M.; Liu, H. Y.; Yehia, S.; and Yang, B., “Development and Characteristics of Multifunctional Ultra-Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating Cenospheres and PE Fibre,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 140, 2023, p. 105084. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105084

75. Ran, H. Y.; Elchalakani, M.; Yehia, S.; Cai, J. M.; and Yang, B., “Self-Sensing High-Performance Ultra-Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composites Using Calcined Petroleum Coke,” Journal of Cleaner Production, V. 418, 2023, p. 138241. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138241

76. Kanda, T.; Lin, Z.; and Li, V., “Tensile Stress-Strain Modeling of Pseudostrain Hardening Cementitious Composites,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 12, No. 2, 2000, pp. 147-156. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2000)12:2(147)

77. Schröfl, C.; Mechtcherine, V.; Kaestner, A.; Vontobel, P.; Hovind, J.; and Lehmann, E., “Transport of Water through Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composite (SHCC) Applied on Top of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Slabs with and without Hydrophobization of Cracks-Investigation by Neutron Radiography,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 76, No. 1, 2015, pp. 70-86. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.062

78. Shabakhty, N.; Karimi, H. R.; and Bakhtiary, A. Y., “Statistical Evaluation of Fracture and Mechanical Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), Containing Different Percentages of Glass, Polypropylene, Polyvinyl-Alcohol Fibers, and Fly Ash,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 417, 2024, p. 135247. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135247

79. Shabakhty, N.; Karimi, H. R.; and Yeganeh Bakhtiary, A., “Effect of Short to Long Hybrid Elastic/Hyperelastic (Glass/PP) Fibers on High-Strength Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), Along with Presenting a Constitutive Model,” Journal of Building Engineering, V. 89, 2024, p. 109215. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109215

80. Saljoughian, A.; Bahmani, H.; Ansari, Z.; Jafari, N.; and Mostofinejad, D., “An Eco-Friendly ECC with High Slag and Polypropylene Fiber Content for High-Tensile Strain Applications,” Journal of Building Engineering, V. 91, 2024, p. 109726. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109726

81. Lee, B. Y.; Kim, J. K.; Kim, J. S.; and Kim, Y. Y., “Quantitative Evaluation Technique of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Dispersion in Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 31, No. 6, 2009, pp. 408-417. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.04.002

82. Sherir, M. A.; Hossain, K. M.; and Lachemi, M., “Fracture Energy Characteristics of Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating Different Aggregates,” CSCE 2014 4th International Structural Specialty Conference, Halifax, NS, Canada, 2014.

83. Said, S. H.; Razak, H. A.; and Othman, I., “Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Engineered Cementitious Composite Slabs with Different Polymer Fibers,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, V. 34, No. 23, 2015, pp. 1950-1962. doi: 10.1177/0731684415607393

84. Tian, H., and Zhang, Y. X., “Ageing Effect on Tensile and Shrinkage Behaviour of New Green Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Composites,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 75, 2017, pp. 38-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.11.005

85. Tian, H.; Zhang, Y. X.; Ye, L.; and Yang, C., “Mechanical Behaviours of Green Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Cementitious Composites,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 95, 2015, pp. 152-163. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.143

86. Tian, H., and Zhang, Y. X., “The Influence of Bagasse Fibre and Fly Ash on the Long-Term Properties of Green Cementitious Composites,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 111, 2016, pp. 237-250. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.103

87. Yang, E.-H., and Li, V. C., “Strain-Hardening Fiber Cement Optimization and Component Tailoring by Means of a Micromechanical Model,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 24, No. 2, 2010, pp. 130-139. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.05.014

88. Pakravan, H. R.; Jamshidi, M.; and Latifi, M., “The Effect of Hybridization and Geometry of Polypropylene Fibers on Engineered Cementitious Composites Reinforced by Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers,” Journal of Composite Materials, V. 50, No. 8, 2016, pp. 1007-1020. doi: 10.1177/0021998315586078

89. Alrefaei, Y.; Rahal, K.; and Maalej, M., “Shear Strength of Beams Made Using Hybrid Fiber-Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 144, No. 1, 2018, p. 04017177. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001924

90. Gadhiya, S.; Patel, T. N.; and Shah, D., “Parametric Study on Flexural Strength of ECC,” International Journal of Science Research and Development, V. 3, No. 4, 2015, pp. 1494-1497.

91. Mohammed, B. S.; Khed, V. K. C.; and Liew, M. S., “Optimization of Hybrid Fibers in Engineered Cementitious Composites,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 190, 2018, pp. 24-37. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.188

92. Ali, M. A. E. M.; Soliman, A. M.; and Nehdi, M. L., “Hybrid-Fiber Reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composite under Tensile and Impact Loading,” Materials & Design, V. 117, 2017, pp. 139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.12.047

93. Said, S. H.; Razak, H. A.; and Othman, I., “Flexural Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) Slabs with Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 75, 2015, pp. 176-188. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.036

94. Keoleian, G. A.; Kendall, A.; Dettling, J. E.; Smith, V. M.; Chandler, R. F.; Lepech, M. D.; and Li, V. C., “Life Cycle Modeling of Concrete Bridge Design: Comparison of Engineered Cementitious Composite Link Slabs and Conventional Steel Expansion Joints,” Journal of Infrastructure Systems, ASCE, V. 11, No. 1, 2005, pp. 51-60. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2005)11:1(51)

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