Title:
Numerical Analysis of Ultimate State of Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Low-Velocity Impact
Author(s):
Dandan Zheng, Masato Komuro, Norimitsu Kishi, and Tomoki Kawarai
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
121
Issue:
3
Appears on pages(s):
97-108
Keywords:
compressive strength of concrete; low-velocity impact loading; reinforced concrete (RC) slab; three-dimensional (3-D) elasto-plastic numerical analysis; ultimate state
DOI:
10.14359/51740481
Date:
5/1/2024
Abstract:
The goal of this study was to establish a numerical analysis method
for predicting the ultimate state of rectangular reinforced concrete
(RC) slabs simply supported on all four sides under low-velocity
impact loading. To meet this goal, three-dimensional (3-D) elastoplastic dynamic response analyses were conducted, and the applicability of the new method was investigated by comparing predictions with the experimental results. First, a preliminary analysis was conducted to determine an appropriate element size of the concrete component, a constitutive model for the concrete, and the damping factor. Then, the applicability of the method was investigated by comparing predictions with experimental results for
concrete slabs with various compressive strengths. The results
showed that the proposed method provides safe predictions of the
maximum impact energy capacity, which may be equivalent to the
load-carrying capacity of RC slabs under impact loading.
Related References:
1. Kishi, N.; Khasraghy, S. G.; and Kon-No, H., “Numerical Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Consecutive Impact Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 4, July-Aug. 2011, pp. 444-452.
2. Kishi, N., and Mikami, H., “Empirical Formulas for Designing Reinforced Concrete Beams under Impact Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 4, July-Aug. 2012, pp. 509-519.
3. Sohel, K. M. A.; Al-Jabri, K.; and Al Abri, A. H. S., “Behavior and Design of Reinforced Concrete Building Columns Subjected to Low-Velocity Car Impact,” Structures, V. 26, Aug. 2020, pp. 601-616. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2020.04.054
4. Asad, M.; Dhanasekar, M.; Zahra, T.; and Thambiratnam, D., “Failure Analysis of Masonry Walls Subjected to Low Velocity Impacts,” Engineering Failure Analysis, V. 116, Oct. 2020, Article No. 104706. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104706
5. Zhu, X.; Zhao, P.; Tian, Y.; and Wang, R., “Experimental Study of RC Columns and Composite Columns under Low-Velocity Impact,” Thin-Walled Structures, V. 160, Mar. 2021, Article No. 107374. doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2020.107374
6. Batarlar, B., “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Impact Loads,” master’s thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, İzmir, Turkey, 2013, 112 pp.
7. Yılmaz, T.; Kıraç, N.; Anil, Ö.; Erdem, R. T.; and Kaçaran, G., “Experimental Investigation of Impact Behaviour of RC Slab with Different Reinforcement Ratios,” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 24, No. 1, Jan. 2020, pp. 241-254. doi: 10.1007/s12205-020-1168-x
8. Said, A. I., and Mabrook Mouwainea, E., “Experimental Investigation on Reinforced Concrete Slabs under High-Mass Low Velocity Repeated Impact Loads,” Structures, V. 35, Jan. 2022, pp. 314-324. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.016
9. Zineddin, M., and Krauthammer, T., “Dynamic Response and Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Impact Loading,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 34, No. 9, Sept. 2007, pp. 1517-1534. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.10.012
10. Anil, Ö.; Kantar, E.; and Yilmaz, M. C., “Low Velocity Impact Behavior of RC Slabs with Different Support Types,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 93, Sept. 2015, pp. 1078-1088. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.039
11. Yılmaz, T.; Kıraç, N.; Anıl, Ö.; Erdem, R. T.; and Hoşkal, V., “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Impact Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slab with Different Support Conditions,” Structural Concrete, V. 21, No. 6, Dec. 2020, pp. 2689-2707. doi: 10.1002/suco.202000216
12. Şengel, S.; Erol, H.; Yılmaz, T.; and Anıl, Ö., “Investigation of the Effects of Impactor Geometry on Impact Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slabs,” Engineering Structures, V. 263, July 2022, Article No. 114429. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114429
13. Kishi, N.; Kurihashi, Y.; Ghadimi Khasraghy, S.; and Mikami, H., “Numerical Simulation of Impact Response Behavior of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Falling-Weight Impact Loading,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, V. 82, 2011, pp. 266-271. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.82.266
14. Mokhatar, S. N., and Abdullah, R., “Computational Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Impact Loads,” International Journal of Integrated Engineering, V. 4, No. 2, 2012, pp. 70-76.
15. Trivedi, N., and Singh, R. K., “Prediction of Impact Induced Failure Modes in Reinforced Concrete Slabs through Nonlinear Transient Dynamic Finite Element Simulation,” Annals of Nuclear Energy, V. 56, June 2013, pp. 109-121. doi: 10.1016/j.anucene.2013.01.020
16. Kezmane, A.; Chiaia, B.; Kumpyak, O.; Maksimov, V.; and Placidi, L., “3D Modelling of Reinforced Concrete Slab with Yielding Supports Subject to Impact Load,” European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, V. 21, No. 7-8, 2017, pp. 988-1025. doi: 10.1080/19648189.2016.1194330
17. Anas, S. M.; Alam, M.; and Umair, M., “Effect of Design Strength Parameters of Conventional Two-Way Singly Reinforced Concrete Slab under Concentric Impact Loading,” Materials Today: Proceedings, V. 62, Part 4, 2022, pp. 2038-2045. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.441
18. Yılmaz, T.; Anil, Ö.; and Erdem, R. T., “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Impact Behavior of RC Slab with Different Opening Size and Layout,” Structures, V. 35, Jan. 2022, pp. 818-832. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.057
19. Sudarsana Rao, H.; Ghorpade, V. G.; Ramana, N. V.; and Gnaneswar, K., “Response of SIFCON Two-Way Slabs under Impact Loading,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 37, No. 4, Apr. 2010, pp. 452-458. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.06.003
20. Kishi, N.; Mikami, H.; and Kurihashi, Y., “An Impact Resistant Design Procedure for Simply Supported RC Slabs under Low-Velocity Impact Loading,” Journal of Structural Engineering, A, V. 55A, 2009, pp. 1327-1338. (in Japanese)
21. Kishi, N.; Mikami, H.; and Kurihashi, Y., “Effects of Support Condition and Slab Thickness on Impact Resistant Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slabs,” Journal of Structural Engineering, A, V. 58A, 2012, pp. 1000-1009. (in Japanese)
22. Xiao, Y.; Li, B.; and Fujikake, K., “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Low-Velocity Impact,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 3, May-June 2017, pp. 643-658. doi: 10.14359/51689565
23. LSTC, “LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual,” Version R9.0, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA, 2016.
24. Erdem, R. T., and Gücüyen, E., “Non-Linear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Impact Effect,” Građevinar, V. 69, No. 6, 2017, pp. 479-487. doi: 10.14256/JCE.1557.2016
25. Malvar, L. J.; Crawford, J. E.; Wesevich, J. W.; and Simons, D., “A Plasticity Concrete Material Model for DYNA3D,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 19, No. 9-10, Oct.-Nov. 1997, pp. 847-873. doi: 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00023-7
26. Murray, Y. D., “Users Manual for LS-DYNA Concrete Material Model 159,” Report No. FHWA-HRT-05-062, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA, 2007, 92 pp.
27. Bhatti, A. Q.; Kishi, N.; Mikami, H.; and Ando, T., “Elasto-Plastic Impact Response Analysis of Shear-Failure-Type RC Beams with Shear Rebars,” Materials & Design, V. 30, No. 3, Mar. 2009, pp. 502-510. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2008.05.068
28. Kishi, N., and Bhatti, A. Q., “An Equivalent Fracture Energy Concept for Nonlinear Dynamic Response Analysis of Prototype RC Girders Subjected to Falling-Weight Impact Loading,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 37, No. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 103-113. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.07.007