Title:
Hysteretic Model of Coupler Box Assembly for Seismic Retrofitting of Severely Damaged Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Author(s):
Naveen Kumar Kothapalli, R. Siva Chidambaram, and Pankaj Agarwal
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
120
Issue:
5
Appears on pages(s):
19-35
Keywords:
coupler-box assembly; deterioration strength hysteresis model; energy dissipation; hysteresis behavior; reinforcing bar coupler sleeve; seismic retrofitting
DOI:
10.14359/51738831
Date:
9/1/2023
Abstract:
Cyclic tests are conducted on interlinked reinforcing bar
coupler-box assemblies, adopted to retrofit buckled reinforcing
bars at the plastic hinge locations of columns in multi-storied
reinforced concrete building frames. The efficacy of the proposed retrofitting technique is evaluated by comparing the hysteresis behavior, computed parameters of performance index, and failure mechanism of the reconstructed frame with the original frame. An energy-based strength deterioration hysteresis model is developed on the basis of cyclic test results for analytically computing the post-yield behavior of retrofitted reinforced concrete (RC) frame with the proposed coupler-box assembly. The experimental test results manifest that the coupler-box assembly can be a promising futuristic approach for seismic retrofitting of severely damaged reinforced concrete buildings, where buckling of longitudinal reinforcing
bars at the plastic hinge location of columns is inevitable,
and the process of restoration is challenging under existing gravity loads. The suggested retrofitting mechanism restrains the section from any movement against rotation and helps in shifting the yield location of reinforcing bars. The main advantage of adopting the coupler-box is that there is no observed slip of reinforcing bar from the sleeve, and the entire retrofitted section remains intact even after a lateral storey drift of 6%, which is larger than the collapse prevention drift level of 4% as per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines.
Related References:
Ahmed, G. H., 2015, “Mechanical Properties of Welded Deformed Reinforcing Steel Bars,” ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University, V. 3, No. 1, pp. 28-39. doi: 10.14500/aro.10059
Alias, A.; Sapawi, F.; Kusbiantoro, A.; Zubir, M. A.; and Rahman, A. A., 2014, “Performance of Grouted Splice Sleeve Connector Under Tensile Load,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, V. 7, pp. 1096-1102.
Allen, P. B.; Colarusso, L. J.; Russwurm, D.; and Judson, W. M., 2007, “Reinforcing Bar Splice with Threaded Collars,” U.S. Patent 20070175167A1, filed Jan. 10, 2007, published Aug. 2, 2007.
Ameli, M. J.; Brown, D. N.; Parks, J. E.; and Pantelides, C. P., 2016, “Seismic Column-To-Footing Connections Using Grouted Splice Sleeves,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 1021-1030. doi: 10.14359/51688755
Bompa, D. V., and Elghazouli, A. Y., 2019, “Inelastic Cyclic Behaviour of RC Members Incorporating Threaded Reinforcement Couplers,” Engineering Structures, V. 180, pp. 468-483. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.11.053
Dahl, K. L., 2001, “High Strength Grouted Pipe Coupler,” U.S. Patent 6,192,647, filed Apr. 15, 1999, published Feb. 27, 2001.
FEMA 356, 2000, “Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings,” Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
FEMA 461, 2007, “Interim Testing Protocols for Determining the Seismic Performance Characteristics of Structural and Non-structural Components,” Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
Haber, Z. B.; Mackie, K. R.; and Al-Jelawy, H. M., 2017, “Testing and Analysis of Precast Columns with Grouted Sleeve Connections and Shifted Plastic Hinging,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 22, No. 10, p. 04017078. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001105
Holdsworth, S., 2006, “Tubular Coupler for Concrete Reinforcing Bars,” U.S. Patent 5909980A, filed Sept. 8, 1997, published June 8, 1999.
Holdsworth, S. E., 1997, “Tubular Coupler for Concrete Reinforcing Bars,” U.S. Patent 5,664,902, filed June 16, 1996, published Sept. 9, 1997.
Hope, P. F., 1987, Reinforcing Bar Coupling System, U.S. Patent 4,666,326.
Hsu, T. T., and Mo, Y. L., 2010, Unified Theory of Concrete Structures, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
Hua, L. J.; Rahman, A. B. A.; Mirasa, A. K.; and Hamid, Z. A., 2008, “Performance of Cs-Sleeve Under Direct Tensile Load: Part I: Failure Modes,” Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 20, No. 1. doi: 10.11113/mjce.v20.15759
Huaco, G., and Jirsa, J., 2012, “Performance of Damaged Column Retrofitted with Innovative Materials and Devices,” 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 15WCEE, 10 pp.
Ibarra, L. F., and Krawinkler, H., 2005, “Global Collapse of Frame Structures Under Seismic Excitations,” Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, CA, pp. 29-51.
IS 1786:2008, 2008, “High Strength Deformed Steel Bars and Wires for Concrete Reinforcement – Specification (Fourth Revision),” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
IS 9417:2018, 2018, “Welding of High Strength Steel Bars for Reinforced Concrete Construction – Recommendations,” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
IS 13920:2016, 2016, “Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces - Code of Practice (First Revision),” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
IS 16172:2014, 2014, “Reinforcement Couplers for Mechanical Splices of Bars in Concrete – Specification,” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
Ingham, J. M., and Bai, A. S. H., 2009, “Seismic Performance of Mechanically Coupled Reinforcing Bars,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 61, No. 7, pp. 529-537. doi: 10.1680/macr.2008.00098
Lancelot, H. B. III, 1995, “Combination Mechanical/Grout Sleeve Coupling for Concrete Reinforcement Bars,” U.S. Patent 5,383,740, filed Aug. 2, 1993, published Jan. 24, 1995.
Mochizuki, H., and Nihei, T., 1998, “Mortar Grout Splice Sleeve for Reinforcing Bars,” U.S. Patent 5,732,525, filed Nov. 15, 1996, published Mar. 31, 1998.
Nzabonimpa, J. D., and Hong, W. K., 2018, “Novel Precast Erection Method of Interlocking Mechanical Joints Using Couplers,” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, V. 144, No. 6, p. 04018036. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001482
Park, Y. J., and Ang, A. H. S., 1985, “Mechanistic Seismic Damage Model for Reinforced Concrete,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 111, No. 4, pp. 722-739. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722)
Parks, J. E.; Brown, D. N.; Ameli, M. J.; and Pantelides, C. P., 2016, “Seismic Repair of Severely Damaged Precast Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Connected with Grouted Splice Sleeves,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 3, May-June, pp. 615-626. doi: 10.14359/51688756
Phillippi, D. J., and Hegemier, G. A., 2013, “Use of Mechanical Couplers in Concrete Columns,” AEI 2013: Building Solutions for Architectural Engineering, pp. 715-724.
Popa, V.; Papurcu, A.; Cotofana, D.; and Pascu, R., 2015, “Experimental Testing on Emulative Connections for Precast Columns Using Grouted Corrugated Steel Sleeves,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, V. 13, No. 8, pp. 2429-2447. doi: 10.1007/s10518-014-9715-9
Rahnama, M., and Krawinkler, H., 1993, “Effects of Soft Soil and Hysteresis Model on Seismic Demands,” Report No. 108, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Standford, CA.
Rowell, S. P., and Hager, K. P., 2010, “Investigation of the Dynamic Performance of Large Reinforcement Bar Mechanical Couplers,” Structures Congress, pp. 2059-2075.
Yang, Y.; Sneed, L. H.; Morgan, A.; Saiidi, M. S.; and Belarbi, A., 2015, “Repair of RC Bridge Columns with Interlocking Spirals and Fractured Longitudinal Bars – An Experimental Study,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 78, pp. 405-420. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.010
Yee, A. A., 1970, “Splice Sleeve for Reinforcing Bars,” U.S. Patent 3,540,763, filed June 17, 1968, published Nov. 17, 1970.
Yee, A. A., 1986, “Splice Sleeve for Reinforcing Bars with Cylindrical Shell,” U.S. Patent 4,627,212, filed Aug. 9, 1985, published Dec. 9. 1986.
Yee, A. A., 2009, “Rebar Splice Sleeve and Method of Splicing,” U.S. Patent Application 12/081,539.