Title:
Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Continuous RC Beams Strengthened with Near Surface Mounted FRP Bars
Author(s):
Majid M.A. Kadhim, Akram Jawdhari, and Mohammed Altaee
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
356
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
327-346
Keywords:
bond-slip, concrete, continuous beams, FRP, finite element, near surface mounted, numerical analysis, retrofit
DOI:
10.14359/51737279
Date:
10/1/2022
Abstract:
One of the successful techniques utilizing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement in concrete retrofit is by embedding bars or strips in pre-cut grooves, forming what is collectively known as near surface mounted (NSM). While a great deal of research and attention has been devoted to evaluating NSM-FRP in retrofitting statically determinate members, limited work is given to indeterminate structures. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model is developed to evaluate the behavior of continuously reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in the negative and positive moment regions with NSM-FRP bars. The model included robust features such as concrete damage plasticity (CDP), FRP failure, and slipping and debonding of FRP bars and was calibrated with tests on 6 m long two-span continuous beams. It was able to predict load-deflection and load strain responses, for different FRP reinforcement ratios and lengths, with a maximum 8% deviation for the loads at steel yielding and at ultimate. Failures observed in tests, namely, concrete cover separation, cracking and crushing, and FRP bar debonding from adhesive, at both the hogging and sagging regions, were also reasonably simulated. The model will be used next in examining behavioral aspects in detail, evaluating the effects of multiple geometric and material parameters, and assisting in developing design recommendations for NSM FRP-strengthened continuous RC beams.
Related References:
1. Alaee FJ, Karihaloo BL. Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams with CARDIFRC. Journal of Composites for Construction. 2003;7:174-86.
2. Aram MR, Czaderski C, Motavalli M. Debonding failure modes of flexural FRP-strengthened RC beams. Composites part B: engineering. 2008;39:826-41.
3. Plevris N, Triantafillou TC. Time-dependent behavior of RC members strengthened with FRP laminates. Journal of Structural Engineering. 1994;120:1016-42.
4. Kadhim MMA, Mohammed A, Chabuk A. Effect of prestressed CFRP plate location on behavior of RC beam strengthened with prestressed CFRP plate. J Babylon Univ. 2012;20:105-13.
5. Kadhim MMA. Effect of CFRP sheet length on the behavior of HSC continuous Beam. Journal of Thermoplastic composite materials. 2012;25:33-44.
6. Meier U. Bridge repair with high performance composite materials. Material und Technik. 1987;4:125-8.
7. Bonacci J, Maalej M. Behavioral trends of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP. Journal of Composites for Construction. 2001;5:102-13.
8. Eshwar N, Ibell TJ, Nanni A. Effectiveness of CFRP strengthening on curved soffit RC beams. Advances in Structural Engineering. 2005;8:55-68.
9. El Maaddawy T, Soudki K. Strengthening of reinforced concrete slabs with mechanically-anchored unbonded FRP system. Construction and Building Materials. 2008;22:444-55.
10. Ferrier E, Hamelin P. Long-time concrete-composite interface characterization for reliability prediction of RC beam strengthened with FRP. Materials and Structures. 2002;35:564-72.
11. Savoia M, Ferracuti B, Mazzotti C. Creep deformation of fiber reinforced plastics-plated reinforced concrete tensile members. Journal of Composites for Construction. 2005;9:63-72.
12. Rabinovitch O. Dynamic edge debonding in FRP strengthened beams. European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids. 2014;47:309-26.
13. Kadhim MM, Adheem AH, Jawdhari AR. Nonlinear finite element modelling and parametric analysis of shear strengthening RC T-beams with NSM CFRP technique. International Journal of Civil Engineering. 2019;17:1295-306.
14. El-Hacha R, Rizkalla SH. Near-surface-mounted fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcements for flexural strengthening of concrete structures. ACI Structural Journal. 2004;101:717-26.
15. Al-Mahmoud F, Castel A, François R, Tourneur C. RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP rods and modeling of peeling-off failure. Composite Structures. 2010;92:1920-30.
16. Al-Mahmoud F, Castel A, Minh TQ, François R. Reinforced concrete beams strengthened with NSM CFRP rods in shear. Advances in Structural Engineering. 2015;18:1563-74.
17. Teng J, Lam L, Chen J. Shear strengthening of RC beams with FRP composites. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials. 2004;6:173-84.
18. Konthesingha K, Masia MJ, Petersen RB, Mojsilovic N, Simundic G, Page AW. Static cyclic in-plane shear response of damaged masonry walls retrofitted with NSM FRP strips–An experimental evaluation. Engineering Structures. 2013;50:126-36.
19. Badawi MA. Monotonic and fatigue flexural behaviour of RC beams strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP rods. 2007.
20. Foret G, Limam O. Experimental and numerical analysis of RC two-way slabs strengthened with NSM CFRP rods. Construction and Building Materials. 2008;22:2025-30.
21. Tinazzi D, Modena C, Nanni A. Strengthening of masonry assemblages with FRP rods and laminates. Proc Int Meeting on Composite Materials, PLAST2000. p. 411-8.
22. Tumialan JG, Micelli F, Nanni A. Strengthening of masonry structures with FRP composites. Structures 2001: A Structural Engineering Odyssey2001. p. 1-8.
23. Kadhim MMA. Effect of CFRP plate length strengthening continuous steel beam. Construction and Building Materials. 2012;28:648-52.
24. Ashour A, El-Refaie S, Garrity S. Flexural strengthening of RC continuous beams using CFRP laminates. Cement and concrete composites. 2004;26:765-75.
25. Aiello M, Valente L, Rizzo A. Moment redistribution in continuous reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer laminates. Mechanics of composite materials. 2007;43:453-66.
26. Abdallah M, Al Mahmoud F, Khelil A, Mercier J, Almassri B. Assessment of the flexural behavior of continuous RC beams strengthening with NSM-FRP bars, Experimental and analytical study. Composite Structures. 2020:112127.
27. Simulia. Abaqus 2016 analysis user’s manual. Providence, RI: Simulia. 2016.
28. Jawdhari A, Adheem AH, Kadhim MM. Parametric 3D finite element analysis of FRCM-confined RC columns under eccentric loading. Engineering Structures. 2020;212:110504.
29. Jawdhari A, Fam A. A new studded precast concrete sandwich wall with embedded glass-fiber-reinforced polymer channel sections: Part 2, finite element analysis and parametric studies. PCI Journal. 2020;65.
30. ACI. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. American Concrete Institute Farmington Hills, MI2014.
31. Kadhim MM, Jawdhari AR, Altaee MJ, Adheem AH. Finite element modelling and parametric analysis of FRP strengthened RC beams under impact load. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020:101526.
32. Genikomsou AS, Polak MA. Finite element analysis of punching shear of concrete slabs using damaged plasticity model in ABAQUS. Engineering Structures. 2015;98:38-48.
33. Kent DC, Park R. Flexural members with confined concrete. Journal of the Structural Division. 1971.
34. Jawdhari A, Harik I. Finite element analysis of RC beams strengthened in flexure with CFRP rod panels. Construction and Building Materials. 2018;163:751-66.
35. Nguyen HT, Kim SE. Finite element modeling of push-out tests for large stud shear connectors. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2009;65:1909-20.
36. Kadhim MM, Jawdhari A, Peiris A. Development of hybrid UHPC-NC beams: A numerical study. Engineering Structures. 2021;233:111893.
37. Kadhim MM, Jawdhari AR, Altaee MJ, Adheem AH. Finite element modelling and parametric analysis of FRP strengthened RC beams under impact load. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020;32:101526.
38. Comité-euro-international-du-béton. CEB-FIP model code 1990: Design code. Bulletin D’Information No. 213/214 (Concrete Structures): Lausanne, Switzerland; 1993.
39. Al-Mahmoud F, Castel A, François R, Tourneur C. Effect of surface pre-conditioning on bond of carbon fibre reinforced polymer rods to concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2007;29:677-89.
40. Seracino R, Raizal Saifulnaz M, Oehlers D. Generic debonding resistance of EB and NSM plate-to-concrete joints. Journal of Composites for Construction. 2007;11:62-70.
41. Kadhim MM, Adheem AH, Jawdhari AR. Nonlinear Finite Element Modelling and Parametric Analysis of Shear Strengthening RC T-Beams with NSM CFRP Technique. International Journal of Civil Engineering. 2019;17:1295–306.
42. CEB-FIP. Model code 1990. Thomas Telford Services Ltd., London, England; 1993.
43. Kishi N, Zhang G, Mikami H. Numerical cracking and debonding analysis of RC beams reinforced with FRP sheet. J Compos Constr. 2005;9:507-14.
44. Jawdhari A, Peiris A, Harik I. Experimental study on RC beams strengthened with CFRP rod panels. Engineering Structures. 2018;173:693-705.
45. Jawdhari A, Harik I, Fam A. Behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP rod panels CRP 195. Structures: Elsevier; 2018. p. 239-53.