Simplified Shear Strength Model of Reinforced Concrete Walls

International Concrete Abstracts Portal

The International Concrete Abstracts Portal is an ACI led collaboration with leading technical organizations from within the international concrete industry and offers the most comprehensive collection of published concrete abstracts.

  


Title: Simplified Shear Strength Model of Reinforced Concrete Walls

Author(s): Sung-Hyun Kim, Hong-Gun Park, and Kyoung-Kyu Choi

Publication: Structural Journal

Volume: 119

Issue: 5

Appears on pages(s): 69-82

Keywords:

DOI: 10.14359/51734661

Date: 9/1/2022

Abstract:
This study developed a simplified shear strength model considering the properties of the walls: uniformly distributed web reinforcement and boundary elements. Based on an existing compression zone failure mechanism model, the concrete shear strength of a wall was defined as a function of the compression zone depth and the diagonal tension strength of concrete. For practical implementation, the proposed design equation was further simplified to transfer the effect of the compression zone to the average vertical reinforcement ratio, which is similar to the one-way shear strength equation in ACI 318-19. The permissible maximum shear strength was also developed based on the effective compressive strength of the diagonal concrete strut. For evaluation, the proposed shear strength model was applied to existing test specimens. The prediction results agreed with the tested strengths in wide ranges of wall design parameters.

Related References:

1. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2019, 624 pp.

2. Cardenas, A. E.; Hanson, J. M.; Corley, W. G.; and Hognestad, E., “Design Provisions for Shear Walls,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 70, No. 3, Mar. 1973, pp. 221-230.

3. Lopes, M. S., “Experimental Shear-Dominated Response of RC Walls: Part I: Objectives, Methodology and Results,” Engineering Structures, V. 23, No. 3, 2001, pp. 229-239. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00041-9

4. Hidalgo, P. A.; Ledezma, C. A.; and Jordan, R. M., “Seismic Behavior of Squat Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls,” Earthquake Spectra, V. 18, No. 2, 2002, pp. 287-308. doi: 10.1193/1.1490353

5. Baek, J.-W., “Shear Strength and Shear-Friction Strength of RC Walls with Grade 550 MPa Reinforcing Bars,” PhD thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 2017.

6. Kim, S.-H., and Park, H.-G., “Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Wall with 700 MPa Shear Reinforcement,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 118, No. 2, Mar. 2021, pp. 167-181.

7. Looi, D. T. W.; Su, R. K. L.; Cheng, B.; and Tsang, H. H., “Effects of Axial Load on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls with Short Shear Span,” Engineering Structures, V. 151, 2017, pp. 312-326. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.08.030

8. Barda, F.; Hanson, J. M.; and Corley, W. G., “Shear Strength of Low-Rise Walls with Boundary Elements,” Reinforced Concrete Structures in Seismic Zones, SP-53, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1977, pp. 149-202.

9. Chen, X.-L.; Fu, J.-P.; Hao, X.; Yang, H.; and Zhang, D.-Y., “Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Squat Walls with High Strength Reinforcements: An Experimental Study,” Structural Concrete, V. 20, No. 3, 2019, pp. 911-931. doi: 10.1002/suco.201800181

10. Kim, J.-H., and Park, H.-G., “Shear and Shear-Friction Strengths of Squat Walls with Flanges,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 117, No. 6, Nov. 2020, pp. 269-280. doi: 10.14359/51728075

11. ASCE/SEI 43-05, “Seismic Design Criteria for Structures, Systems, and Components in Nuclear Facilities,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2005.

12. EN 1992-1-1:2004, “Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures – Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings,” European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 2004, 227 pp.

13. Gulec, C. K., and Whittaker, A. S., “Empirical Equations for Peak Shear Strength of Low Aspect Ratio Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2011, pp. 80-89.

14. Choi, K.-K.; Park, H.-G.; and Wight, J. K., “Unified Shear Strength Model for Reinforced Concrete Beams—Part I: Development,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 104, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2007, pp. 142-152.

15. Eom, T.-S.; Park, H.-G.; Kim, J.-Y.; and Lee, H.-S., “Web Crushing and Deformation Capacity of Low-Rise Walls Subjected to Cyclic Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 4, July-Aug. 2013, pp. 575-584.

16. Park, H.-G., and Choi, K.-K., “Unified Shear Design Method of Concrete Beams Based on Compression Zone Failure Mechanism,” Concrete International, V. 39, No. 9, Sept. 2017, pp. 59-63.

17. Tureyen, A. K., and Frosch, R. J., “Concrete Shear Strength: Another Perspective,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2003, pp. 609-615.

18. Cladera, A.; Marí, A.; Bairán, J. M.; Ribas, C.; Oller, E.; and Duarte, N., “The Compression Chord Capacity Model for the Shear Design and Assessment of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Beams,” Structural Concrete, V. 17, No. 6, 2016, pp. 1017-1032. doi: 10.1002/suco.201500214

19. Collins, J. A., Failure of Materials in Mechanical Design: Analysis, Prediction, Prevention, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1993, 672 pp.

20. Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. M., Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials, McGraw Hill Education, New York, NY, 2014.

21. Hognestad, E., “Study of Combined Bending and Axial Load in Reinforced Concrete Members,” University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin Series No. 399, V. 49, No. 22, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 1951, 134 pp.

22. Baek, J.-W.; Kim, S.-H.; Park, H.-G.; and Lee, B.-S., “Shear-Friction Strength of Low-Rise Walls with 600 MPa Reinforcing Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 117, No. 1, Jan. 2020, pp. 169-182.

23. Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., “The Modified Compression-Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 83, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1986, pp. 219-231.

24. Fédération internationale du béton, “fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010,” fib, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2013, 434 pp.

25. KCI, “KCI Model Code 2017,” Korean Concrete Institute, Seoul, Korea, 2017.

26. Lee, J.-Y., and Watanabe, F., “Shear Deterioration of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Reversed Cyclic Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 4, July-Aug. 2003, pp. 480-489.

27. Burgueño, R.; Liu, X.; and Hines, E. M., “Web Crushing Capacity of High-Strength Concrete Structural Walls: Experimental Study,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2014, pp. 235-246.

28. Adajar, J. C.; Yamaguchi, T.; and Imai, H., “Seismic Behavior of precast Shear Wall with Bar Splices Confined to Spiral Steel,” Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute, V. 17, 1996, pp. 189-196.

29. Carrillo, J., and Alcocer, S. M., “Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Walls for Seismic Design of Low-Rise Housing,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 3, May-June 2013, pp. 415-425.

30. Cheng, M.-Y.; Hung, S.-C.; Lequesne, R. D.; and Lepage, A., “Earthquake-Resistant Squat Walls Reinforced with High-Strength Steel,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2016, pp. 1065-1076. doi: 10.14359/51688825

31. Farvashany, F. E.; Foster, S. J.; and Rangan, B. V., “Strength and Deformation of High-Strength Concrete Shearwalls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2008, pp. 21-29.

32. Hirosawa, M., “Past Experimental Results on Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls and Analysis on Them,” Kenchiku Kenkyu Shiryo, V. 6, 1975, pp. 33-34.

33. Hsiao, F.-P.; Wang, J.-C.; and Chiou, Y.-J., “Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Framed Shear Walls Using CFRP Strips,” 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, 2008, 7 pp.

34. Kabeyasawa, T., and Hiraishi, H., “Tests and Analyses of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls in Japan,” High-Strength Concrete in Seismic Regions, SP-176, C. French and M. Kreger, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1998, pp. 281-310.

35. Kim, S.-H., “Shear Strength and Degradation Model for Performance Based Seismic Design/Evaluation of RC Walls,” PhD thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 2021.

36. Kimura, H., and Sugano, S., “Seismic Behavior of High Strength Concrete Slender Wall under High Axial Load,” 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico, Paper No. 653, 1996, 8 pp.

37. Liang, X.; Che, J.; Yang, P.; and Deng, M., “Seismic Behavior of High-Strength Concrete Structural Walls with Edge Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013, pp. 953-963.

38. Luna, B. N.; Rivera, J. P.; and Whittaker, A. S., “Seismic Behavior of Low-Aspect-Ratio Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 112, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2015, pp. 593-603. doi: 10.14359/51687709

39. Maier, J., and Thürlimann, B., Bruchversuche an Stahlbetonscheiben, Institut für Baustatik. Versuchsberichte Series, Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland, 1985, 130 pp.

40. Mo, Y. L., and Chan, J., “Behavior of Reinforced-Concrete-Framed Shear Walls,” Nuclear Engineering and Design, V. 166, No. 1, 1996, pp. 55-68. doi: 10.1016/0029-5493(96)01244-7

41. Oesterle, R. G.; Aristizabal-Ochoa, J. D.; Fiorato, A. E.; Russell, H. G.; and Corley, W. G., “Earthquake Resistant Structural Walls - Tests of Isolated Walls - Phase II,” Construction Technology Laboratories, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 1979, 342 pp.

42. Orakcal, K.; Massone, L. M.; and Wallace, J. W., “Shear Strength of Lightly Reinforced Wall Piers and Spandrels,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 106, No. 4, July-Aug. 2009, pp. 455-465.

43. Pilakoutas, K., and Elnashai, A., “Cyclic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Walls, Part I: Experimental Results,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 92, No. 3, May-June 1995, pp. 271-281.

44. Sato, S.; Ogata, Y.; Yoshizaki, S.; Kanata, K.; Yamaguchi, T.; Nakayama, T.; Inada, Y.; and Kadoriku, J., “Behavior of Shear Wall Using Various Yield Strength of Rebar Part 1: An Experimental Study,” SMiRT 10, Anaheim, CA, Aug. 22-27, 1989, pp. 233-238.

45. Seki, M.; Kobayashi, J.; Shibata, A.; Kubo, T.; Taira, T.; and Akino, K., “Restoring Force Verification Test on RC Shear Wall,” SMiRT 13, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Aug. 13-18, 1995, pp. 39-44.

46. Shaingchin, S.; Lukkunaprasit, P.; and Wood, S. L., “Influence of Diagonal Web Reinforcement on Cyclic Behavior of Structural Walls,” Engineering Structures, V. 29, No. 4, 2007, pp. 498-510. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.05.016

47. Sittipunt, C., and Wood, S. L., “Development of Reinforcement Details to Improve the Cyclic Response of Slender Structural Walls,” Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, Paper No. 1770, 2000, 6 pp.

48. Sugano, S., “Seismic Strengthening of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Japan,” Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, V. 14, No. 4, 1981, pp. 209-222. doi: 10.5459/bnzsee.14.4.209-222

49. Tatsuya, I., “Post-Yield Behaviours of Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Subjected to Bilateral Deformations under Axial Loading,” 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico, Paper No. 404, 1996, 8 pp.

50. Wallace, J. W.; Elwood, K. J.; and Massone, L. M., “Investigation of the Axial Load Capacity for Lightly Reinforced Wall Piers,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 134, No. 9, 2008, pp. 1548-1557. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:9(1548)

51. Marí, A.; Bairán, J.; Cladera, A.; Oller, E.; and Ribas, C., “Shear-Flexural Strength Mechanical Model for the Design and Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, V. 11, No. 11, 2015, pp. 1399-1419. doi: 10.1080/15732479.2014.964735

52. Sánchez-Alejandre, A., and Alcocer, S. M., “Shear Strength of Squat Reinforced Concrete Walls Subjected to Earthquake Loading—Trends and Models,” Engineering Structures, V. 32, No. 8, 2010, pp. 2466-2476. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.022


ALSO AVAILABLE IN:

Electronic Structural Journal



  

Edit Module Settings to define Page Content Reviewer