Title:
Concrete Q & A: Air Content and Freezing-and-Thawing Durability
Author(s):
Publication:
Concrete International
Volume:
44
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
59-60
Keywords:
concrete, void, bubble, size
DOI:
10.14359/51734552
Date:
2/1/2022
Abstract:
Can a total air content of 4% provide comparable freezing-and-thawing durability as a total air content of 6%? Based on the literature discussed in the Q&A, the effectiveness of air voids in concrete in providing durability depends on characteristics of the air-void system, including the average air-void size and the spacing of the voids.
Related References:
1. Jana, D.; Erlin, B.; and Pistilli, M.F., “A Closer Look at Entrained Air in Concrete,” Concrete International, V. 27, No. 7, July 2006, pp. 31-34.
2. Attiogbe, E.K., “Compliance Concept in Protection of Concrete from Freezing-and-Thawing Damage,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 117, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2020, pp. 187-200.
3. Ley, T.M.; Welchel, D.; Peery, J.; and LeFlore, J., “Determining the Air-Void Distribution in Fresh Concrete with the Sequential Air Method,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 150, Sept. 2017, pp. 723-737.
4. AASHTO TP 118, “Standard Method of Test for Characterization of the Air-Void System of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Sequential Pressure Method,” AASHTO, Frederick, MD, 2017, 12 pp.
5. ASTM C457/C457M-16, “Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, 18 pp.
6. Attiogbe, E.K., “A New Way to Deliver Protection from Freezing-and-Thawing Damage,” Concrete International, V. 43, No. 1, Jan. 2021, pp. 27-33.