Title:
Effect of (κ)- and (ι)-Carrageenans on Rheology and Strength Development of Cement-Based Materials
Author(s):
Asma Boukhatem, Kamal Bouarab, and Ammar Yahia
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
119
Issue:
1
Appears on pages(s):
207-219
Keywords:
cement suspensions; compressive strength; hydration kinetics; rheology; viscosity-modifying admixtures; (κ)-(ι)-carrageenan
DOI:
10.14359/51734196
Date:
1/1/2022
Abstract:
The effect of kappa (κ)- iota (ι)-carrageenan used in combination with two different types of high-range water reducer (HRWR) on the rheological behavior, hydration kinetics, and strength development of cement-based materials was evaluated. The use of (κ)-(ι)-carrageenan increased the yield stress, plastic viscosity, rigidity, and structural buildup kinetics of cement suspensions. However, the combined addition of (κ)-(ι)-carrageenan with HRWR reduced the yield stress and plastic viscosity. Although the addition of (κ)-(ι)-carrageenan extended the dormant period of cement suspension, (κ)-(ι)-carrageenan did not significantly affect early-age compressive strength development. Compared to (κ)-carrageenan, the use of the (κ)-(ι)-carrageenan combination reduced the dormant period of cement suspensions by approximately 50%, resulting in a 50% increase of compressive strength.
Related References:
1. Khayat, K. H., “Effects of Antiwashout Admixtures On Fresh Concrete Properties,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 92, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1995, pp. 164-171.
2. Wallevik, O. H., and Wallevik, J. E., “Rheology as A Tool in Concrete Science: The Use of Rheographs and Workability Boxes,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 41, No. 12, 2011, pp. 1279-1288. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.009
3. Khayat, K. H., and Yahia, A., “Effect of Welan Gum-High-Range Water Reducer Combinations On Rheology Of Cement Grout,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 94, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1997, pp. 365-372.
4. Plank, J., “Applications of Biopolymers and Other Biotechnological Products in Building Materials,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, V. 66, No. 1, 2004, pp. 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00253-004-1714-3
5. Kawai, T., “Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete Using Polymers,” Marine Concrete, International Congress on Polymers in Concrete, Brighton, UK, 1987, Chapter 11.5.
6. Ozawa, K.; Maekawa, K.; Kunishima, H.; and Okamura, H., “Performance of Concrete Based on The Durability Design of Concrete Structures,” Proceeding. Second East Asia-Pacific Conference of Structural Engineering and Construction, V. 1, 1989, pp. 445-456.
7. Khayat, K. H., “Viscosity-Enhancing Admixtures for Cement-Based Materials - An Overview,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 20, No. 2-3, 1998, pp. 171-188. doi: 10.1016/S0958-9465(98)80006-1
8. Yahia, A., and Khayat, K. H., “Analytical Models for Estimating Yield Stress of High-Performance Pseudoplastic Grout,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 31, No. 5, 2001, pp. 731-738. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00476-8
9. Khayat, K. H., “Effect of Silica Fume on Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Concrete,” CANMET-ACI Intensive Course on Fly Ash, Slag, Silica Fume, Other Pozzolanic Materials and Super Plasticizers in Concrete, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 1996, pp. 34.
10. Mostafa, A. M., and Yahia, A., “New Approach to Assess Build-Up of Cement-Based Suspensions,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 85, 2016, pp. 174-182. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.03.005
11. Isik, I. E., and Ozkul, M. H., “Utilization of Polysaccharides as Viscosity Modifying Agent in Self-Compacting Concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 72, 2014, pp. 239-247. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.017
12. Abdollahnejad, Z.; Kheradmand, M.; and Pacheco-Torgal, F., “Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Cement-Based Mortars Containing Two Biopolymers,” International Scholarly and Scientific Research and Innovation, V. 11, 2017, pp. 1237-1240.
13. Abdollahnejad, Z.; Kheradmand, M.; and Pacheco-Torgal, F., “Short-Term Compressive Strength of Fly Ash and Waste Glass Alkali-Activated Cement-Based Binder Mortars with Two Biopolymers,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 29, No. 7, 2017, p. 04017045. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001920
14. Moeini, M. A.; Hosseinpoor, M.; and Yahia, A., “Effectiveness Of The Rheometric Methods To Evaluate The Build-Up Of Cementitious Mortars Used For 3d Printing,” Construction & Building Materials, V. 257, 2020, p. 119551. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119551
15. Rudzinski, L., “Effect of Fly Ash on the Rheological Behaviour of Cement Paste,” Materials and Structures, V. 17, No. 101, 1984, pp. 369-373.
16. León-Martínez, F. M.; Cano-Barrita, P. F. D. J.; Lagunez-Rivera, L.; and Medina-Torres, L., “Study of Nopal Mucilage and Marine Brown Algae Extract as Viscosity-Enhancing-Admixtures for Cement-Based Materials,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 53, 2014, pp. 109-202. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.068
17. Aday, A. N.; Osio-Norgaard, J.; Foster, K. E. O.; and Srubar, W. V. III, “Carrageenan-Based Superabsorbent Biopolymers Mitigate Autogenous Shrinkage in Ordinary Portland Cement,” Materials and Structures, V. 51, 2018.
18. Susilorini, M. I. R.; Hardjasaputra, H.; Tudjono, S.; Hapsari, G.; Wahyu, S. R.; Hadikusumo, G.; and Sucipto, J., “The Advantage of Natural Polymer Modified Mortar with Seaweed: Green Construction Material Innovation for Sustainable Concrete,” Procedia Engineering, V. 95, 2014, pp. 419-425. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.201
19. Boukhatem, A., “Utilisation des carraghénanes comme nouveaux agents de viscosité dans les matériaux à base de ciment,” master’s thesis, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, 2019. (in French).
20. Yahia, A.; Boukhatem, A.; Bouarab, K.; and Mostafa, A., “Use of Carrageenan as a Viscosity-Modifying Admixture in Flowable Cementitious Suspensions,” U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/115,270, 2020, pp 1-72.
21. Boukhatem, A.; Bouarab, K.; and Yahia., A., “Kappa (κ)-Carrageenan As A Novel Viscosity-Modifying Admixture For Cement-Based Materials – Effect On Rheology, Stability, And Strength Development,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 124, Nov. 2021, p. 104221. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104221
22. Pereira, L.; Critchley, A. T.; Amado, A. M.; and Ribeiro-Claro, P. J. A., “A Comparative Analysis of Phycocolloids Produced By Underutilized Versus Industrially Utilized Carrageenophytes (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta),” Journal of Applied Phycology, V. 21, No. 5, 2009, pp. 599-605. doi: 10.1007/s10811-009-9447-4
23. Millane, R. P.; Chandrasekaran, R.; Arnott, S.; and Dea, L. C. M., “The Molecular Structure of Kappa-Carrageenan and Comparison with Iota-Carrageenan,” Carbohydrate Research, V. 182, No. 1, 1988, pp. 1-17. doi: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)84087-4
24. Hilliou, L.; Vlassopoulos, D.; and Rehahn, M., “Dynamics of Non-Dilute Hairy-Rod Polymer Solutions in Simple Shear Flow,” Macromolecules, V. 34, No. 6, 2001, pp. 1742-1750. doi: 10.1021/ma001917l
25. Mezger, T. G., The Rheology Handbook: For Users Of Rotational And Oscillatory Rheometers, Vincentz Network, Hanover, Germany, 2011, 432 pp.
26. Parker, A.; Brigand, G.; Miniou, C.; Trespoey, A.; and Vailée, P., “Rheology and Fracture of Mixed ι- and κ-Carrageenan Gels: Two-Step Gelation,” Carbohydrate Polymers, V. 20, No. 4, 1993, pp. 253-262. doi: 10.1016/0144-8617(93)90097-N
27. Tolstoguzov, V. B., “Functional Properties of Protein-Polysaccharide Mixtures,” Functional Properties of Food Macromolecules, J. R. Mitchell and D. A. Ledward, eds., Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK, 1986, pp. 385-415.
28. Tolstoguzov, V. B., “Some Physico-Chemical Aspects of Protein Processing into Foodstuffs,” Food Hydrocolloids, V. 2, No. 5, 1988, pp. 339-370. doi: 10.1016/S0268-005X(88)80001-8
29. Tolstoguzov, V. B., “Functional Properties of Food Proteins And Role of Protein Polysaccharide Interaction,” Food Hydrocolloids, V. 4, No. 6, 1991, pp. 429-468. doi: 10.1016/S0268-005X(09)80196-3
30. Azevedo, G.; Bernardo, G.; and Hilliou, L., “NaCl and KCl Phase Diagrams of Kappa/Iota-Hybrid Carrageenans Extracted From Mastocarpus Stellatus,” Food Hydrocolloids, V. 37, 2014, pp. 116-123. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.10.029
31. Piculell, L.; Nilsson, S.; and Muhrbeck, P., “Effects of Small Amounts of Kappa-Carrageenan on the Rheology of Aqueous Iota-Carrageenan,” Carbohydrate Polymers, V. 18, No. 3, 1992, pp. 199-208. doi: 10.1016/0144-8617(92)90064-W
32. Rees, D. A., “Structure, Conformation, And Mechanism in The Formation of Polysaccharide Gels and Networks,” Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry, V. 24, 1970, pp. 267-332. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60352-2
33. Normah, O., and Nazarifah, I., “Production of Semi-Refined Carrageenan from Locally Available Red Seaweed, Eucheuma Cottonii on a Laboratory Scale,” Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, V. 31, No. 2, 2003, pp. 207-213.
34. Heriyanto, H.; Kustiningsih, I.; and Sari, D. K., “The Effect of Temperature and Time of Extraction on the Quality of Semi Refined Carrageenan (SRC),” MATEC Web of Conferences, V. 154, 2018, p. 01034.
35. Suzuki, T., and Nakagami, H., “Effect of Crystallinity of Microcrystalline Cellulose on the Compactability and Dissolution of Tablets,” European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, V. 47, No. 3, 1999, pp. 225-230. doi: 10.1016/S0939-6411(98)00102-7
36. Meunier, V.; Nicolai, T.; Durand, D.; and Parker, A., “Light Scattering and Viscoelasticity of Aggregating and Gelling κ-Carrageenan,” Macromolecules, V. 32, No. 8, 1999, pp. 2610-2616. doi: 10.1021/ma981319v
37. Ghezal, A. F., and Assaf, G. J., “Restrained Shrinkage Cracking of Self-Consolidating Concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 27, No. 10, 2015, p. 04014266. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001239