Title:
Polycarboxylate and Polyphosphonate Toward Low- Viscosity Concrete
Author(s):
Jae Hong Kim, Chan Kyu Park, Tae Yong Shin, and Jay Kim
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
118
Issue:
6
Appears on pages(s):
139-146
Keywords:
admixture; polycarboxylate; polyphosphonate; rheology; slump; viscosity
DOI:
10.14359/51733118
Date:
11/1/2021
Abstract:
Advances in dispersants for concrete allow prominent enhancement of the fluidity and workability of concrete. Besides the conventional polycarboxylate, a variety of cement-dispersant polymers have been developed. Recent advances in the rheological characterization of concrete allow the investigation of the dispersant’s effect on the rheology of concrete. Cement mortar and concrete incorporating a polyphosphonate and its blend with a conventional polycarboxylate are quantitatively evaluated in this paper. The blended polymers bring a lower spread in the channel flow test when the mortar samples at the same grade of the viscosity curve are compared to the conventional polycarboxylate. Additionally, incorporating the blended polymers can reduce the plastic viscosity of a low water-cement ratio (w/c) concrete at the same grade of slump flow.
Related References:
1. Tsubakimoto, T.; Hosoi, M.; Tahara, H.; and Hirada, K., “Cement dispersant,” JP 84-018338, 1984.
2. Plank, J.; Sakai, E.; Miao, C. W.; Yu, C.; and Hong, J. X., “Chemical Admixtures — Chemistry, Applications and Their Impact on Concrete Microstructure and Durability,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 78, Part A, 2015, pp. 81-99. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.05.016
3. Sha, S.; Wang, M.; Shi, C.; and Xiao, Y., “Influence of the Structures of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Its Performance in Cement-Based Materials—A Review,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 233, 2020, p. 117257. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117257
4. Liu, J.; Yu, C.; Shu, X.; Ran, Q.; and Yang, Y., “Recent Advance of Chemical Admixtures in Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 124, 2019, p. 105834. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105834
5. Yoshioka, K.; Tazawa, E.-I.; Kawai, K.; and Enohata, T., “Adsorption Characteristics of Superplasticizers on Cement Component Minerals,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 32, No. 10, 2002, pp. 1507-1513. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00782-2
6. Sakai, E.; Yamada, K.; and Ohta, A., “Molecular Structure and Dispersion-Adsorption Mechanisms of Comb-Type Superplasticizers Used in Japan,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, V. 1, No. 1, 2003, pp. 16-25. doi: 10.3151/jact.1.16
7. Hirata, T.; Ye, J.; Branicio, P.; Zheng, J.; Lange, A.; Plank, J.; and Sullivan, M., “Adsorbed Conformations of PCE Superplasticizers in Cement Pore Solution Unraveled by Molecular Dynamics Simulations,” Scientific Reports, V. 7, No. 1, 2017, pp. 1-10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16048-3
8. Alonso, M. M.; Palacios, M.; and Puertas, F., “Compatibility between Polycarboxylate-Based Admixtures and Blended-Cement Pastes,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 35, No. 1, 2013, pp. 151-162. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.020
9. Yoon, J. Y., and Kim, J. H., “Evaluation on the Consumption and Performance of Polycarboxylates in Cement-Based Materials,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 158, 2018, pp. 423-431. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.004
10. Mosquet, M.; Bisson, D.; and Sers, A., “Use of Aminoalkylenephosphonic Acids and/or Their Salts as Release Agents for Hydraulic Binder Based Moulded Objects,” WO 95-01247, 1995.
11. Mosquet, M.; Chevalier, Y.; Brunel, S.; Guicquero, J. P.; and Le Perchec, P., “Polyoxyethylene Di‐Phosphonates as Efficient Dispersing Polymers for Aqueous Suspensions,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, V. 65, No. 12, 1997, pp. 2545-2555. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970919)65:123.0.CO;2-Y
12. Tramaux, A.; Azéma, N.; David, G.; Negrell, C.; Poulesquen, A.; Haas, J.; and Remond, S., “Synthesis of Phosphonated Comb-Like Copolymers and Evaluation of Their Dispersion Efficiency on CACO3 Suspensions. Part I: Effect of an Increasing Phosphonic Acid Content,” Powder Technology, V. 333, 2018, pp. 19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.069
13. Coppola, L.; Lorenzi, S.; Kara, P.; and Garlati, S., “Performance and Compatibility of Phosphonate-Based Superplasticizers for Concrete,” Buildings, V. 7, No. 3, 2017, pp. 1-10. doi: 10.3390/buildings7030062
14. Dalas, F.; Pourchet, S.; Nonat, A.; Rinaldi, D.; Sabio, S.; and Mosquet, M., “Fluidizing Efficiency of Comb-Like Superplasticizers: The Effect of the Anionic Function, the Side Chain Length and the Grafting Degree,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 71, 2015, pp. 115-123. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.02.001
15. Dalas, F.; Nonat, A.; Pourchet, S.; Mosquet, M.; Rinaldi, D.; and Sabio, S., “Tailoring the Anionic Function and the Side Chains of Comb-Like Superplasticizers to Improve Their Adsorption,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 67, 2015, pp. 21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.024
16. Stecher, J., and Plank, J., “Novel Concrete Superplasticizers Based on Phosphate Esters,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 119, 2019, pp. 36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.01.006
17. Fan, W.; Stoffelbach, F.; Rieger, J.; Regnaud, L.; Vichot, A.; Bresson, B.; and Lequeux, N., “A New Class of Organosilane-Modified Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers with Low Sulfate Sensitivity,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 42, No. 1, 2012, pp. 166-172. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.09.006
18. Plank, J.; Yang, F.; and Storcheva, O., “Study of the Interaction between Cement Phases and Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers Possessing Silyl Functionalities,” Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, V. 3, No. 2, 2014, pp. 77-87. doi: 10.1080/21650373.2014.903382
19. He, Y.; Zhang, X.; and Hooton, R. D., “Effects of Organosilane-
Modified Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on the Fluidity and Hydration Properties of Cement Paste,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 132, 2017, pp. 112-123. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.122
20. Guicquero, J.-P.; Mosquet, M.; Chevalier, Y.; and Le Perchec, P., “Thinners for Aqueous Suspensions of Mineral Particles and Hydraulic Binder Pastes,” WO 94-08913, 1999.
21. Kim, J. H.; Lee, J. H.; Shin, T. Y.; and Yoon, J. Y., “Rheological Method for Alpha Test Evaluation of Developing Superplasticizers’ Performance: Channel Flow Test,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, V. 2017, 2017, pp. 1-8. doi: 10.1155/2017/4214086
22. Tattersall, G. H., and Banfill, P. F. G., The Rheology of Fresh Concrete, Pitman Books Limited, London, UK, 1983, 356 pp.
23. de Larrard, F., Concrete Mixture Proportioning: A Scientific Approach, E&FN Spon, London, UK, 1999, 448 pp.
24. Choi, B. I.; Kim, J. H.; and Shin, T. Y., “Rheological Model Selection and a General Model for Evaluating the Viscosity and Microstructure of a Highly-Concentrated Cement Suspension,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 123, 2019, p. 105775. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.05.020
25. Quemada, D., “Rheological Modelling of Complex Fluids. I. The Concept of Effective Volume Fraction Revisited,” The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, V. 1, No. 1, 1998, pp. 119-127. doi: 10.1051/epjap:1998125
26. Koehler, E. P., and Fowler, D. W., “Development of a Portable Rheometer for Fresh Portland Cement Concrete,” Report No. ICAR–105-3F, International Center for Aggregates Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2004, 328 pp.
27. Koehler, E. P.; Fowler, D. W.; Jeknavorian, A. A.; Schemmel, J. J.; and Dean, S. W., “Comparison of Workability Test Methods for Self-Consolidating Concrete,” Journal of ASTM International, V. 7, No. 2, 2010, pp. 1-19. doi: 10.1520/JAI101927
28. Wallevik, O. H., and Wallevik, J. E., “Rheology as a Tool in Concrete Science: The Use of Rheographs and Workability Boxes,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 41, No. 12, 2011, pp. 1279-1288. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.009
29. Cross, M. M., “Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids: A New Flow Equation for Pseudoplastic Systems,” Journal of Colloid Science, V. 20, No. 5, 1965, pp. 417-437. doi: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90022-X
30. Shin, T. Y., and Kim, J. H., “Prediction Of Concrete Casting In Steel-Plate Concrete Panels,” Materials and Structures, V. 52, No. 1, 2019, Article No. 15. doi: 10.1617/s11527-019-1323-3
31. Yang, M.; Neubauer, C. M.; and Jennings, H. M., “Interparticle Potential and Sedimentation Behavior of Cement Suspensions: Review and Results from Paste,” Advanced Cement Based Materials, V. 5, No. 1, 1997, pp. 1-7. doi: 10.1016/S1065-7355(97)90009-2
32. Neubauer, C. M.; Yang, M.; and Jennings, H. M., “Interparticle Potential and Sedimentation Behavior of Cement Suspensions: Effects of Admixtures,” Advanced Cement Based Materials, V. 8, No. 1, 1998, pp. 17-27. doi: 10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00005-4
33. Yoshioka, K.; Sakai, E.; Daimon, M.; and Kitahara, A., “Role of Steric Hindrance in the Performance of Superplasticizers for Concrete,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, V. 80, No. 10, 2005, pp. 2667-2671. doi: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03169.x
34. Kim, J. H.; Yim, H. J.; and Ferron, R. D., “In Situ Measurement of the Rheological Properties and Agglomeration on Cementitious Pastes,” Journal of Rheology, V. 60, No. 4, 2016, pp. 695-704. doi: 10.1122/1.4954251
35. Kim, J. H.; Yim, H. J.; Choi, B. I.; Shin, T. Y.; and Shah, S. P., “Influence of Particle Dispersion on the Viscosity Change in Highly-Concentrated Cement Suspensions: An Experimental Correlation,” Journal of Rheology, V. 64, No. 3, 2020, pp. 637-642. doi: 10.1122/1.5110371