Title:
External Injection Method for Improvement of Concrete Pumpability
Author(s):
Seung Hee Kwon, Kyong Pil Jang, and Jung Soo Lee
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
118
Issue:
5
Appears on pages(s):
17-28
Keywords:
concrete pumping; external injection; friction-reducing agent (FRA); improvement; lubricating layer; prediction method; pumpability; rheological property; wet-screened mortar
DOI:
10.14359/51732977
Date:
9/1/2021
Abstract:
In this study, a new method was proposed to improve concrete pumpability. The friction between concrete and the internal surface of the pipe can be reduced by externally injecting a small amount of a chemical agent called a friction-reducing agent (FRA) into the pipe. The new idea was experimentally implemented with real-scale
concrete pumping of 112, 137, and 518 m (367, 449, and 1700 ft) long pipelines. The experiments were performed with three different concrete mixtures and with the injection rate of the agent varying from 0.077 to 0.284% of concrete volume. It was found that the pumping pressure decreases from 26.6 to 60.2%. In addition, the rheological properties of concrete and the lubricating layer, and the viscosity of wet-screened mortar according to the dosage of FRA were measured. Based on analysis of these measurements, a method was proposed to quantitatively predict pressure reduction due to the external injection of the FRA.
Related References:
1. Choi, M. S.; Roussel, N.; Kim, Y. J.; and Kim, J. K., “Lubrication Layer Properties during Concrete Pumping,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 45, Mar. 2013, pp. 69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.11.001
2. Le, H. D.; Kadri, E. H.; Aggoun, S.; Vierendeels, J.; Troch, P.; and De Schutter, G., “Effect of Lubrication Layer on Velocity Profile of Concrete in a Pumping Pipe,” Materials and Structures, V. 48, No. 12, Dec. 2015, pp. 3991-4003. doi: 10.1617/s11527-014-0458-5
3. Jacobsen, S.; Haugan, L.; Hammer, T. A.; and Kalogiannidis, E., “Flow Conditions of Fresh Mortar and Concrete in Different Pipes,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 39, No. 11, Nov. 2009, pp. 997-1006. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.07.005
4. Jo, S. D.; Park, C. K.; Jeong, J. H.; Lee, S. H.; and Kwon, S. H., “A Computational Approach to Estimating a Lubricating Layer in Concrete Pumping,” Computers, Materials & Continua, V. 27, No. 3, 2012, pp. 189-210.
5. Jang, K. P.; Kim, W. J.; Choi, M. S.; and Kwon, S. H., “A New Method to Estimate Rheological Properties of Lubricating Layer for Prediction of Concrete Pumping,” Advances in Concrete Construction, V. 6, No. 5, Oct. 2018, pp. 465-483.
6. Jang, K. P., “Design of Concrete Pumpability based on Quantitative Prediction,” PhD thesis, Myongji University, Seoul, South Korea, 2018.
7. Jang, K. P.; Kwon, S. H.; Choi, M. S.; Kim, Y. J.; Park, C. K.; and Shah, S. P., “Experimental Observation on Variation of Rheological Properties during Concrete Pumping,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 13, 2019, pp. 167-181.
8. Kwon, S. H.; Jang, K. P.; Kim, J. H.; and Shah, S. P., “State of the Art on Prediction of Concrete Pumping,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 10, No. S3, Sept. 2016, pp. S75-S85. doi: 10.1007/s40069-016-0150-y
9. Kwon, S. H.; Park, C. K.; Jeong, J. H.; Jo, S. D.; and Lee, S. H., “Prediction of Concrete Pumping: Part I—Development of New Tribometer for Analysis of Lubricating Layer,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 110, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013, pp. 647-655.
10. Kwon, S. H.; Park, C. K.; Jeong, J. H.; Jo, S. D.; and Lee, S. H., “Prediction of Concrete Pumping: Part II—Analytical Prediction and Experimental Verification,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 110, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013, pp. 657-667.
11. Choi, M. S.; Kim, Y. J.; Jang, K. P.; and Kwon, S. H., “Effect of the Coarse Aggregate Size on Pipe Flow of Pumped Concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 66, Sept. 2014, pp. 723-730. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.027
12. Kim, J. S.; Kwon, S. H.; Jang, K. P.; and Choi, M. S., “Concrete Pumping Prediction Considering Different Measurement of the Rheological Properties,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 171, May 2018, pp. 493-503.
13. Ngo, T. T.; Kadri, E. H.; Bennacer, R.; and Cussigh, F., “Use of Tribometer to Estimate Interface Friction and Concrete Boundary Layer Composition during the Fluid Concrete Pumping,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 24, No. 7, July 2010, pp. 1253-1261. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.010
14. Río, O.; Rodríguez, Á.; Nabulsi, S.; and Álvarez, M., “Pumping Quality Control Method Based on Online Concrete Pumping Assessment,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 108, No. 4, July-Aug. 2011, pp. 423-431.
15. Jeong, J. H.; Jang, K. P.; Park, C. K.; Lee, S. H.; and Kwon, S. H., “Effect of Admixtures on Pumpability for High-Strength Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 113, No. 3, May-June 2016, pp. 323-333. doi: 10.14359/51688644
16. ACI Committee 304, “Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods (ACI 304.2R-96) (Reapproved 2008),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1996, 25 pp.
17. Feys, D., Khayat, K. H., and Khatib. R., “How Do Concrete Rheology, Tribology, Flow Rate and Pipe Radius Influence Pumping Pressure?” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 66, Feb. 2016, pp. 38-46.
18. Secrieru, E.; Mohamed, W.; Fataei, S.; and Mechtcherine, V., “Assessment and Prediction of Concrete Flow and Pumping Pressure in Pipeline,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 107, Mar. 2020, p. 103495. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103495
19. Lee, J. S., “Research on a Method to Improve Concrete Pumpability by External Injection of Friction Reducing Agent,” PhD thesis, Myongji University, Seoul, South Korea, 2020.
20. Kaplan, D., deLarrard, F., and Sedran, T., “Design of Concrete Pumping Circuit,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 102, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2005, pp. 110-117.
21. Feys, D.; Khayat, K. H.; Perez-Schell, A.; and Khatib, R., “Prediction of Pumping Pressure by Means of New Tribometer for Highly-
Workable Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 57, Mar. 2015, pp. 102-115. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.12.007
22. Mechtcherine, V.; Nerella, V. N.; and Kasten, K., “Testing Pumpability of Concrete using Sliding Pipe Rheometer,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 53, Feb. 2014, pp. 312-323. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.037
23. Feys, D.; De Schutter, G.; Khayat, K. H.; and Verhoeven, R., “Changes in Rheology of Self-Consolidating Concrete Induced by Pumping,” Materials and Structures, V. 49, No. 11, Nov. 2016, pp. 4657-4677. doi: 10.1617/s11527-016-0815-7
24. Secrieru, E.; Mechtcherine, V.; Schröfl, C.; and Borin, D., “Rheological Characterisation and Prediction of Pumpability of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based-Composites (SHCC) With and Without Addition of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP) at Various Temperatures,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 112, June 2016, pp. 581-594. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.161
25. Feys, D.; De Schutter, G.; and Verhoeven, R., “Parameters Influencing Pressure During Pumping of Self-Compacting Concrete,” Materials and Structures, V. 46, No. 4, Apr. 2013, pp. 533-555. doi: 10.1617/s11527-012-9912-4