Title:
Three-Dimensional Mesoscopic Investigation on QuasiStatic Compressive Properties of Coral Aggregate Concrete
Author(s):
Zhangyu Wu, Jinhua Zhang, and Hongfa Yu
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
118
Issue:
4
Appears on pages(s):
121-132
Keywords:
constitutive model; coral aggregate concrete; quasi-static compressive loading; stress-strain; three-dimensional (3-D) mesoscopic modeling
DOI:
10.14359/51732797
Date:
7/1/2021
Abstract:
In the study presented in this paper, the quasi-static compressive behaviors of coral aggregate concrete (CAC) were further investigated using the mesoscale modeling method. Three-dimensional (3-D) random particle mesoscale models for CAC with different concrete strength grades were developed and validated through the comparison of numerical and test results. The effect of strength grade on the failure pattern and failure process of CAC subjected to uniaxial compression was numerically studied. The numerical stress-strain curves of CAC obtained by the mesoscale approach were compared with corresponding test results. The results indicate that CAC with a higher strength grade would show obvious brittle failure and the failure surface in concrete would penetrate through coral aggregate. The visible failure formation of CAC is the result of internal microcracks propagating from coral aggregate to the interfacial transition zone (ITZ)/mortar matrix and connecting with each other until main cracks generate in the concrete. Based on the regression analysis of test and numerical data, a new constitutive model for CAC was proposed and verified, which is of great significance for the structure design and performance analysis of CAC engineering. Furthermore, the mesoscale modeling approach has been confirmed for the property prediction of CAC and is expected to be applied further in the field of engineering design.
Related References:
1. Wu, Z.; Yu, H.; Ma, H.; Zhang, J.; and Da, B., “Influence of Rebar Types on the Service Life of a Coral Aggregate Concrete Structure,” Emerging Materials Research, V. 9, No. 2, 2020, pp. 1-13. doi: 10.1680/jemmr.19.00096
2. Wang, A.; Lyu, B.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, K.; Xu, H.; and Sun, D., “The Development of Coral Concretes and Their Upgrading Technologies: A Critical Review,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 187, Oct. 2018, pp. 1004-1019. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.202
3. Nutter, B. E., “The Use of Coral Aggregate,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 15, No. 1, 1943, pp. 61-65.
4. Ootani, H.; Ohoka, T.; and Tobisaka, M., “Properties of Coral Aggregate and Coral Concrete in Miyakojima,” Proceedings, Annual Meeting, Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1985.
5. Rick, A. E., “Coral Concrete at Bikini Atoll,” Concrete International, V. 13, No. 1, Jan. 1991, pp. 19-24.
6. Dempsey, G., “Coral and Salt Water as Concrete Materials,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 48, No. 10, Oct. 1951, pp. 157-166.
7. Kakooei, S.; Akil, H. M.; Dolati, A.; and Rouhi, J., “The Corrosion Investigation of Rebar Embedded in the Fibers Reinforced Concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 35, No. 10, 2012, pp. 564-570. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.051
8. Wu, Z.; Yu, H.; Ma, H.; Da, B.; and Tan, Y., “Rebar Corrosion Behavior of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete by Electrochemical Techniques,” Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, V. 67, No. 1, 2020, pp. 59-72. doi: 10.1108/ACMM-05-2019-2128
9. Wattanachai, P. A., “A Study on Chloride Ion Diffusivity of Porous Aggregate Concretes and Improvement Method,” Advanced Materials Research, V. 65, No. 1, 2013, pp. 30-37.
10. Wu, Z.; Yu, H.; Ma, H.; Zhang, J.; Da, B.; and Zhu, H., “Rebar Corrosion in Coral Aggregate Concrete: Determination of Chloride Threshold by LPR,” Corrosion Science, V. 163, Feb. 2020, p. 108238. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108238
11. Da, B.; Yu, H.; Ma, H.; Tan, Y.; Mi, R.; and Dou, X., “Experimental Investigation of Whole Stress–Strain Curves of Coral Concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 122, Sept. 2016, pp. 81-89. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.064
12. Ma, H.; Da, B.; Yu, H.; and Wu, Z., “Research on Flexural Behavior of Coral Aggregate Reinforced Concrete Beams,” China Ocean Engineering, V. 32, No. 5, 2018, pp. 593-604. doi: 10.1007/s13344-018-0061-6
13. Zhang, J.; Qin, Q.; Xiang, C.; and Wang, T., “Dynamic Response of Slender Multilayer Sandwich Beams with Metal Foam Cores Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact,” Composite Structures, V. 153, Oct. 2016, pp. 614-623. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.059
14. Wu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Fang, Q.; Yu, H.; and Ma, H., “Mesoscopic Modelling of Concrete Material under Static and Dynamic Loadings: A Review,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 278, Apr. 2021, p. 122419. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122419
15. Pedersen, R. R.; Simone, A.; and Sluys, L. J., “Mesoscopic Modeling and Simulation of the Dynamic Tensile Behavior of Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 50, Aug, 2013, pp. 74-87. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.021
16. Bai, Y.; Yan, Z.; Ozbakkaloglu, T.; Han, Q.; Dai, J.; and Zhu, D., “Quasi-Static and Dynamic Tensile Properties of Large-Rupture-Strain (LRS) Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber Bundle,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 232, No. 30, 2020, p. 117241. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117241
17. Wu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Yu, H.; and Ma, H., “3D Mesoscopic Investigation of the Specimen Aspect-Ratio Effect on the Compressive Behavior of Coral Aggregate Concrete,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 198, Oct. 2020, p. 108025. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108025
18. Huang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Chen, X.; and Liu, G., “Monte Carlo Simulations of Meso-Scale Dynamic Compressive Behavior of Concrete Based on X-Ray Computed Tomography Images,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 97, Nov, 2016, pp. 102-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.06.009
19. Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; and Fang, Q., “Numerical Simulation of Shock Wave Propagation in Dry Sand Based on a 3D Mesoscopic Model,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 117, July 2018, pp. 102-112. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.03.008
20. Bažant, Z.; Tabbara, M.; Kazemi, M.; and Pijaudier-Cabot, G., “Random Particle Model for Fracture of Aggregate or Fiber Composites,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, V. 116, No. 8, 1990, pp. 1686-1705. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1990)116:8(1686)
21. Van Mier, J. G. M., and Van Vliet, M. R. A., “Influence of Microstructure of Concrete on Size/Scale Effects in Tensile Fracture,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, V. 70, No. 16, 2003, pp. 2281-2306. doi: 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00222-9
22. Jin, L.; Yu, W.; Du, X.; and Yang, W., “Meso-Scale Simulations of Size Effect on Concrete Dynamic Splitting Tensile Strength: Influence of Aggregate Content and Maximum Aggregate Size,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, V. 230, Mar. 2020, p. 106979. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.106979
23. Huang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Ren, W.; Liu, G.; and Zhang, C., “3D Meso-Scale Fracture Modelling and Validation of Concrete based on In-Situ X-Ray Computed Tomography Images Using Damage Plasticity Model,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, V. 67-68, Aug. 2015, pp. 340-352. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.05.002
24. Agioutantis, Z.; Stiakakis, C.; and Kleftakis, S., “Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Epoxy based Mortars under Compressive Loads,” Computers & Structures, V. 80, No. 27-30, 2002, pp. 2071-2084. doi: 10.1016/S0045-7949(02)00251-1
25. Naderi, S., and Zhang, M., “Meso-Scale Modelling of Static and Dynamic Tensile Fracture of Concrete Accounting for Real-Shape Aggregates,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 116, Feb. 2020, p. 103889. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103889
26. Wittmann, F. H.; Roelfstra, P. E.; and Sadouki, H., “Simulation and Analysis of Composite Structures,” Materials Science and Engineering, V. 68, No. 2, 1985, pp. 239-248. doi: 10.1016/0025-5416(85)90413-6
27. Zhou, X., and Hao, H., “Modelling of Compressive Behaviour of Concrete-Like Materials at High Strain Rate,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, V. 45, No. 17, 2008, pp. 4648-4661. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.04.002
28. Lu, Y.; Song, Z.; and Tu, Z., “Analysis of Dynamic Response of Concrete Using a Mesoscale Model Incorporating 3D Effects,” International Journal of Protective Structures, V. 1, No. 2, 2010, pp. 197-217. doi: 10.1260/2041-4196.1.2.197
29. Yan, P.; Fang, Q.; Zhang, J.; Chen, L.; and Wu, H., “Experimental and Mesoscopic Investigation of Spherical Ceramic Particle Concrete under Static and Impact Loading,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 128, 2019, pp. 37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.01.013
30. Malvar, L. J.; Crawford, J. E.; Wesevich, J. W.; and Simons, D., “A Plasticity Concrete Material Model for Dyna3D,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 19, No. 9-10, 1997, pp. 847-873. doi: 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)00023-7
31. Malvar, L. J.; Crawford, J. E.; and Morrill, K. B., “K&C Concrete Material Model Release III: Automated Generation of Material Model Input,” Karagozian and Case Structural Engineers Technical Report TR-99-24.3, Glendale, CA, 2000.
32. Schwer, L. E., and Murray, Y. D., “A Three-Invariant Smooth Cap Model with Mixed Hardening,” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, V. 18, No. 10, 1994, pp. 657-688. doi: 10.1002/nag.1610181002
33. Bischoff, P. H., and Perry, S. H., “Compressive Behaviour of Concrete at High Strain Rates,” Materials and Structures, V. 24, No. 6, 1991, pp. 425-450. doi: 10.1007/BF02472016
34. Lorman, W. R., “Characteristics of Coral Mortars (TR-041),” US Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, CA, 1960.
35. Ma, H.; Wu, Z.; Yu, H.; Zhang, J.; and Yue, C., “Experimental and Three-Dimensional Mesoscopic Investigation of Coral Aggregate Concrete under Dynamic Splitting-Tensile Loading,” Materials and Structures, V. 53, No. 1, 2020, pp. 12-22. doi: 10.1617/s11527-020-1447-5
36. Wu, Z.; Zhang, J.; Yu, H.; Ma, H.; Chen, L.; Dong, W.; Huan, Y.; and Zhang, Y., “Coupling Effect of Strain Rate and Specimen Size on the Compressive Properties of Coral Aggregate Concrete: A 3D Mesoscopic Study,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 200, Nov. 2020, p. 108299. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108299
37. Wang, X.; Wang, R.; Meng, Q.; and Chen, J., “Research on Characteristics of Coral Reef Calcareous Rock in Nansha Islands,” Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, V. 27, No. 11, 2008, pp. 2221-2226.
38. Jin, Y.; Chen, T.; Meng, Q.; and Hu, M., “Difference of Coral Skeletal Structure Revealed by Compressive Strength Measurements,” Journal of Tropical Oceanography, V. 36, No. 2, 2017, pp. 33-39.
39. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, “Keyword User’s Manual,” LS-DYNA, Livermore, CA, 2006, pp. 1810-1812.
40. Fang, Q., and Zhang, J., “3D Numerical Modeling of Projectile Penetration into Rock-Rubble Overlays Accounting for Random Distribution of Rock-Rubble,” International Journal of Impact Engineering, V. 63, Jan, 2014, pp. 118-128. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.08.010
41. Bažant, Z. P., and Planas, J., “Fracture and Size Effect in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials,” CRC Press, London, UK, 1998.
42. Yue, C., “Research on Dynamic and Static Mechanical Properties of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete,” MS thesis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanning, China, 2019.
43. Lai, J., “Preparation and Dynamic Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Cementitious Composites,” PhD thesis, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, 2007.