Title:
Seismic Behavior of Precast and Post-Tensioned Exterior Connections with Ductile Headed Rods
Author(s):
Sanghee Kim, Thomas H.-K. Kang, Donghyuk Jung, and James M. LaFave
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
118
Issue:
1
Appears on pages(s):
87-100
Keywords:
beam-column connection; embedded ductile rod connection; post-tensioned concrete; precast concrete; seismic performance evaluation
DOI:
10.14359/51728179
Date:
1/1/2021
Abstract:
This study experimentally investigates the seismic structural performance of ductile bolted connectors and unbonded post-tensioning tendons for exterior precast concrete (PC) beam-column connections. Three full-scale beam-column subassemblies—a monolithic reinforced concrete (RC) connection conforming with ACI 318-19, a PC connection with ductile rods, and a PC connection with ductile rods and post-tensioning—were fabricated for quasi-static cyclic loading tests. The PC specimens exhibited stable lateral load resistance up to ±4% inter-story drift, with concentrated inelastic deformation within the ductile rods per the intended design
concept. After reaching their peak lateral loads, the PC specimens experienced strength degradation comparable to the RC specimen, demonstrating that they are adequate for a lateral load-resisting system. The prestressing force induced by the post-tensioning was found to be effective at improving flexural and shear strength of the beam-column connection and at reducing the pinching effect observed at the beam-column interface of the PC specimens.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2019, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 624 pp.
ACI Committee 374, 2013, “Guide for Testing Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements Under Slowly Applied Simulated Seismic Loads (ACI 374.2-13),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 18 pp.
ACI Committee 374, 2014, “Acceptance Criteria for Moment Frames Based on Structural Testing (ACI 374.1-05) and Commentary (Reapproved 2019),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 9 pp.
AIJ, 1999, “Design Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Reinforced Concrete Buildings Based on Inelastic Displacement Concept,” Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 138-192.
AIK, 2016, “Korean Building Code—Structural 2016,” Architectural Institute of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
AISC, 2016, “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ANSI/AISC 360-16,” American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
Bhatt, P., and Kirk, D. W., 1985, “Tests on an Improved Beam Column Connection for Precast Concrete,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 82, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 834-843.
Chang, B.; Hutchinson, T.; Wang, X.; and Englekirk, R., 2013, “Experimental Seismic Performance of Beam-Column Subassemblies Using Ductile Embeds,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 139, No. 9, pp. 1555-1566. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000628
Cheok, G., and Lew, H. S., 1993a, “Model Precast Concrete Beam-to-Column Connections Subject to Cyclic Loading,” PCI Journal, V. 38, No. 4, pp. 80-92. doi: 10.15554/pcij.07011993.80.92
Cheok, G. S., and Lew, H. S., 1990, “Performance of 1/3-Scale Model Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections Subjected to Cyclic Inelastic Loads,” NISTIR 4433, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.
Cheok, G. S., and Lew, V. H. S., 1991, “Performance of 1/3-Scale Model Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections Subjected to Cyclic Inelastic Loads-Report No. 2,” NISTIR 4589, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.
Cheok, G. S., and Stone, W. C., 1993b, “Performance of 1/3-Scale Model Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections Subjected to Cyclic Inelastic Loads-Report No. 3,” NISTIR 5246, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.
Cheok, G. S., and Stone, W. C., 1994, “Performance of 1/3-Scale Model Precast Concrete Beam-Column Connections Subjected to Cyclic Inelastic Loads-Report No. 4,” NISTIR 5436, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD.
Englekirk, R. E., 2003, Seismic Design of Reinforced and Precast Concrete Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
fib, 2013, “fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010,” International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib), Lausanne, Switzerland, 434 pp.
Hajdukiewicz, M.; Goggins, J.; de la Torre, O.; Holleran, D.; and Keane, M. M., 2019, “An Automated Standard-Based Life Cycle Quality Inspection Methodology for Smart Precast Concrete Solutions in Buildings,” Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, V. 4, No. 3, pp. 123-134. doi: 10.1080/24705314.2019.1627454
Ibrahim Ary, M. and Kang, T. H.-K., 2012, “Shear-Strengthening of Reinforced & Prestressed Concrete Beams Using FRP: Part I - Review of Previous Research,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 6, No. 1
Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352, 2002, “Recommendations for Design of Beam-Column Connections in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures (ACI 352R-02, Reapproved 2010),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 38 pp.
Kang, T. H.-K., and Ibrahim Ary, M., 2012, “Shear-Strengthening of Reinforced & Prestressed Concrete Beams Using FRP: Part II - Experimental Investigation,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 6, No. 1
Kim, J., 2000, “Final Report on Testing of Hybrid Frame Corner Beam-Column Subassembly with Continuous Post-Tensioning Steel,” Structural Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Kim, J., and LaFave, J. M., 2007, “Key Influence Parameters for the Joint Shear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beam-Column Connections,” Engineering Structures, V. 29, No. 10, pp. 2523-2539. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.12.012
Kim, J., and LaFave, J. M., 2012, “A Simplified Approach to Joint Shear Behavior Prediction of RC Beam-Column Connections,” Earthquake Spectra, V. 28, No. 3, pp. 1071-1096. doi: 10.1193/1.4000064
Kim, J.; Stanton, J.; MacRae, G.; Day, S.; and Sugata, M., 2004, “Cyclic Load Testing of Precast Hybrid Frame Connections,” Proceedings, Thirteenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 1671, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
KSSC, 2009, “Fabrication Guide for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts (KBC-09),” Korean Society of Steel Construction, Seoul, Korea, 111 pp. (in Korean)
Lim, W.-Y.; Kang, T. H.-K.; and Hong, S.-G., 2018, “Effect of Reinforcement Details on Seismic Behavior of Precast Concrete Wall-Steel Coupling Beam Systems,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 115, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1751-1763. doi: 10.14359/51702414
Martin, L. D., and Korkosz, W. J., 1982, “Connections for Precast Prestressed Concrete Buildings, Including Earthquake Resistance,” Technical Report No. 2, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL.
Nakaki, S. D., and Englekirk, R. E., 1991, “PRESSS Industry Seismic Workshops: Concept Development,” PCI Journal, V. 36, No. 6, pp. 54-61. doi: 10.15554/pcij.09011991.54.61
Nakaki, S. D.; Englekirk, R. E.; and Plaehn, J. L., 1994, “Ductile Connectors for a Precast Concrete Frame,” PCI Journal, V. 39, No. 5, pp. 46-59. doi: 10.15554/pcij.09011994.46.59
Palmieri, L.; Saqan, E.; French, C.; and Kreger, M., 1996, “Ductile Connections for Precast Concrete Frame Systems,” Proceedings Mete A. Sozen Symposium, SP-162, J. K. Wight and M. E. Kreger, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 315-355.
Park, R., and Paulay, T., 1975, “Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 769 pp.
Park, M.-K.; Lee, D. H.; Han, S.-J.; and Kim, K. S., 2019, “Web-Shear Capacity of Thick Precast Prestressed Hollow-Core Slab Units Produced by Extrusion Method,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 19, No. 7.
Pillai, S. U., and Kirk, D. W., 1981, “Ductile Beam-Column Connection in Precast Concrete,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 78, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 480-487.
Probst, A. D.; Kang, T. H.-K.; Ramseyer, C.; and Kim, U., 2010, “Composite Flexural Behavior of Full-Scale Concrete-Filled Tubes without Axial Loads,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 136, No. 11, pp. 1401-1412. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000241