Title:
Effect of Critical Test Parameters on Behavior of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns under Eccentric Load
Author(s):
Waseem Abdelazim, Hamdy M. Mohamed, Brahim Benmokrane, and Mohammad Z. Afifi
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
117
Issue:
4
Appears on pages(s):
127-141
Keywords:
columns; design codes; first- and second-order analysis; glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars; lateral displacement; reinforced concrete; short and slender columns; slenderness ratio; stability; stiffness
DOI:
10.14359/51723507
Date:
7/1/2020
Abstract:
This paper intends to experimentally and theoretically support the North American technical committees engaged in developing design provisions for slender glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced concrete (GFRP-RC) columns. Consequently, 22 full-scale slender GFRP-RC columns with slenderness ratios of 23 and 33 were produced and tested at four different initial eccentricities (0, 16, 33, and 66% of the column diameter). Moreover, the levels of GFRP-longitudinal and transversal reinforcement were also observed and are presented. During all testing phases, the GFRP-reinforcement proved its capacity to maintain stability and resistance to the applied loads. An analytical second-order model accounting for material and geometrical nonlinearities was then developed to extend the parametric study and include additional parameters such as the longitudinal tensile modulus of the GFRP bars. A model for slender GFRP-RC columns was developed by discretizing the section into several integration layers. The ACI stability index corresponding to the ratio of the secondary to the primary moment of 1.4 is applied to GFRP-RC columns to define the permissible tensile design strains at which acceptable lateral deformations are expected. The derived model correlated substantially with the test results. Lastly, based on the experimental results and the developed model, the permissible tensile design strain of the GFRP bars was proposed to be limited to 0.9% to avoid stability failure.
Related References:
AASHTO, 2018, “LRFD Bridge Design Guide Specifications for GFRP–Reinforced Concrete,” 2nd edition, AASHTO, Washington, DC.
ACI Committee 318, 2014, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 519 pp.
ACI Committee 440, 2015, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 88 pp.
Afifi, M. Z.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2014, “Axial Capacity of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 18, No. 1, Feb., p. 04013017 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000438
ASTM D2584, 2008, “Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 3 pp.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 2010, “Specifications for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer,” CSA S807-10, Rexdale, ON, Canada, 34 pp.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 2012, “Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber Reinforced Polymers,” CAN/CSAS806-12, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, 198 pp.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 2014, “Design of Concrete Structures,” CSA A23.3-14, Rexdale, ON, Canada, 298 pp.
“De Luca, A.; Matta, F.; and Nanni, A., 2010, “Behavior of Full-Scale Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Columns under Axial Load,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 107, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 589-596.
Guérin, M.; Mohamed, H. M.; Benmokrane, B.; Nanni, A.; and Shield, C. K., 2018b, “Eccentric Behavior of Full-Scale Reinforced Concrete Columns with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars and Ties,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 115, No. 2, Mar., pp. 489-500. doi: 10.14359/51701107
Guérin, M.; Mohamed, H. M.; Benmokrane, B.; Shield, C. K.; and Nanni, A., 2018a, “Effect of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement Ratio on Axial-Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 115, No. 4, July, pp. 1049-1061. doi: 10.14359/51701279
Hadhood, A.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2017a, “Failure Envelope of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1417-1428. doi: 10.14359/51689498
Hadhood, A.; Mohamed, H. M.; and Benmokrane, B., 2017b, “Experimental Study of Circular High-Strength Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals under Concentric and Eccentric Loading,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 21, No. 2, Jan., p. 04016078 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000734
Hadhood, A.; Mohamed, H. M.; Ghrib, F.; and Benmokrane, B., 2017c, “Efficiency of Glass-Fiber Reinforced-Polymer (GFRP) Discrete Hoops and Bars in Concrete Columns under Combined Axial and Flexural Loads,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 114, No. 6, pp. 223-236. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.063
Hadi, M. N.; Karim, H.; and Sheikh, M. N., 2016, “Experimental Investigations on Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP bars and Helices under Different Loading Conditions,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 20, No. 4, p. 04016009 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000670
Hales, T. A.; Pantelides, C. P.; and Reaveley, L. D., 2016, “Experimental Evaluation of Slender High-Strength Concrete Columns with GFRP and Hybrid Reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 20, No. 6, Dec., p. 04016050 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000709
Martin, I.; MacGregor, J. G.; Pfrang, E. O.; and Breen, J. E., 1966, “A Critical Review of the Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” Symposium on Reinforced Concrete Columns, SP-13, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 13-53.
Mirmiran, A., 1998, “Length Effects on FRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Composites in Infrastructure, Tucson, AZ, pp. 518-532.
Mirmiran, A.; Yuan, W.; and Chen, X., 2001, “Design for Slenderness in Concrete Columns Internally Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 116-125.
Mohamed, H. M.; Afifi, M. Z.; and Benmokrane, B., 2014, “Performance Evaluation of Concrete Columns Reinforced Longitudinally with FRP Bars and Confined with FRP Hoops and Spirals under Axial Load,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 19, No. 7, June, p. 04014020 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000590
Popovics, S., 1973, “A Numerical Approach to the Complete Stress-Strain Curve of Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 3, No. 5, Sept., pp. 583-599. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(73)90096-3
Tobbi, H.; Farghaly, A.; and Benmokrane, B., 2012, “Concrete Columns Reinforced Longitudinally and Transversally by GFRP Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 4, pp. 551-558.
Tobbi, H.; Farghaly, A. S.; and Benmokrane, B., 2014, “Behavior of FRP-RC Columns with Varying Reinforcement Types and Ratios,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 2, Jan.-Feb., pp. 375-385.
Xue, W.; Peng, F.; and Fang, Z., 2018, “Behavior and Design of Slender Rectangular Concrete Columns Longitudinally Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 115, No. 2, Mar., pp. 311-322. doi: 10.14359/51701131
Zadeh, H. J., and Nanni, A., 2013, “Design of RC Columns Using Glass FRP Reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 17, No. 3, June, pp. 294-304. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000354
Zadeh, H. J., and Nanni, A., 2017, “Flexural Stiffness and Second-Order Effects in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Frames,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 533-544. doi: 10.14359/51689257