Title:
Understanding Shrinkage in Alternative Binder Systems
Author(s):
Lisa E. Burris, Prasanth Alapati, Kimberly E. Kurtis, Amir Hajibabaee, M. Tyler Ley
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
336
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
73-90
Keywords:
Alternative cementitious materials; calcium sulfoaluminate cement; calcium aluminate cement; alkali activated binders; shrinkage; durability
DOI:
10.14359/51722457
Date:
12/11/2019
Abstract:
Cement production is one of the largest contributors to CO2 emissions in the U.S. One method of reducing emissions associated with concrete is through usage of alternative cements (ACMs). Some of the more common ACMs include calcium sulfoaluminate cement, calcium aluminate cement, ternary calcium aluminate-calcium sulfate-portland cements, and chemicallyactivated binders, all of which have been shown to have lower carbon footprints than ordinary portland cement (OPC). However, the durability, and more specifically, the shrinkage behavior, of these cements has not been adequately examined, and must be better understood and able to be controlled before ACM concrete can be effectively used in the field. As a first step in increase understanding of shrinkage in ACMs, this paper examines chemical, autogenous, and drying shrinkage in the ACMs listed above. Results show that, despite greater quantities of chemical shrinkage, CSA, CAC, and chemically activated fly ash binder undergo less autogenous and drying shrinkage than OPC.
Related References:
1. Olivier, J. G. J., Janssens-Maenhour, G., Muntean, M. & Peters, J. A. H. W. Trends in Global CO2 Emissions 2014 report. PBL Netherlands Environ. Assess. Agency 60 (2014).
2. Burris, L. E., Ley, J. T., Berke, N., Moser, R. D. & Kurtis, K. E. Novel Alternative Cementitious Materials for Development of the Next Generation of Sustainable
Transportation Infrastructure. FHWA Techbr. 38 (2015).
3. Scherer, G. W. Drying, Shrinkage, and Cracking of Cementitious Materials. Transp. Porous Media 110, 311–331 (2015).
4. Parrott, L. J., Geiker, M., Gutteridge, W. A. & Killoh, D. Monitoring Portland cement hydration: Comparison of methods. Cem. Concr. Res. 20, 919–926 (1990).
5. Lura, P., Jensen, O. M. & Van Breugel, K. Autogenous shrinkage in high-performance cement paste: An evaluation of basic mechanisms. Cem. Concr. Res. 33, 223–232 (2003).
6. Kovler, K. & Zhutovsky, S. Overview and Future Trends of Shrinkage Research. Mater. Struct. 39, 827–847 (2006).
7. Hajibabaee, A. Reducing Curling from Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Pavements Through the Use of Different Curing Techniques. (Oklahoma State University, 2011).
8. Hajibabaee, A. Impact of Different Curing Methods and Drying Conditions on Drying Shrinkage Induced Curling. (Oklahoma State University, 2016).
9. Hajibabaee, A., Moradllo, M. K. & Ley, M. T. Comparison of curing compounds to reduce volume change from differential drying in concrete pavement. Int. J. Pavement
Eng. 1–10 (2016).
10. Hajibabaee, A. & Ley, M. T. The Impact of Wet Curing On Curling in Concrete Caused By Drying Shrinkage,. Mater. Struct. 49, 1629–1639 (2016).
11. Hajibabaee, A., Grasely, Z. C. & Ley, M. T. Mechanisms of dimensional instability caused by differential drying in wet cured cement paste. Cem. Concr. Res. 79, 151–158 (2016).
12. Hajibabaee, A. & Ley, M. T. Impact of Wet and Sealed Curing on Curling in Cement Paste Beams from Drying Shrinkage. ACI Mater. J. 112, 79–84 (2015).
13. Ytterberg, R. Shrinkage and Curling of Slabs on Grade (Part a). Concr. Int. 9, 22–31 (1987).
14. Ytterberg, R. Shrinkage and Curling of Slabs on Grade (Part b). Concr. Int. 9, 54–61 (1987).
15. Ytterberg, R. Shrinkage and Curling of Slabs on Grade (Part c). Concr. Int. 9, 72–81 (1987).
16. Juenger, M. C. G., Winnefeld, F., Provis, J. L. & Ideker, J. H. Advances in alternative cementitious binders. Cem. Concr. Res. 41, 1232–1243 (2011).
17. Hargis, C. W., Kirchheim, A. P., Monteiro, P. J. M. & Gartner, E. M. Early age hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate (synthetic ye’elimite, ) in the presence of gypsum and varying amounts of calcium hydroxide. Cem. Concr. Res. 48, 105–115 (2013).
18. Tang, S. W., Zhu, H. G., Li, Z. J., Chen, E. & Shao, H. Y. Hydration stage identification and phase transformation of calcium sulfoaluminate cement at early age. Constr. Build. Mater. 75, 11–18 (2015).
19. Bernardo, G., Telesca, A. & Valenti, G. L. A porosimetric study of calcium sulfoaluminate cement pastes cured at early ages. Cem. Concr. Res. 36, 1042–1047
(2006).
20. Chen, I. A., Hargis, C. W. & Juenger, M. C. G. Understanding expansion in calcium sulfoaluminate–belite cements. Cem. Concr. Res. 42, 51–60 (2012).
21. Bizzozero, J., Gosselin, C. & Scrivener, K. L. Expansion mechanisms in calcium aluminate and sulfoaluminate systems with calcium sulfate. Cem. Concr. Res. 56, 190–
202 (2014).
22. Lura, P., Winnefeld, F. & Klemm, S. Simultaneous measurements of heat of hydration and chemical shrinkage on hardening cement pastes. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 101, 925–932 (2010).
23. Bianchi, M. et al. Hydration Properties of Calcium Sulfoaluminate-Portland Cement Blends. ACI Spec. Publ. - 261-13 187–200 (2009).
24. Beretka, J., Marroccoli, M., Sherman, N. & Valenti, G. L. The influence of C4A3S̄ content and ratio on the performance of calcium sulfoaluminate-based cements. Cem.
Concr. Res. 26, 1673–1681 (1996).
25. Hargis, C. W. et al. Further insights into calcium sulfoaluminate cement expansion Further insights into calcium sulfoaluminate cement expansion. (2019).
26. Scrivener, K. L., Cabiron, J.-L. & Letourneux, R. High-performance concretes from calcium aluminate cements. Cem. Concr. Res. 29, 1215–1223 (1999).
27. Ideker, J. H. Early-Age Behavior of Calcium Aluminate Cement Systems. (2008).
28. Dornak, M. L. Mechanical Properties , Early Age Volume Change , and Heat Generation of Rapid , Cement-based Repair Materials. (2014).
29. Torrens-Martin, D. & Fernandez-Carrasco, L. Long-term hydration and mechanical behaviour of portland cement, calcium aluminate cement and calcium sulfate blends. in
Proceedings of the International Conference on Calcium Aluminates 242–249 (2014).
30. Lamberet, S. Durability of ternary binders based on portland cement, calcium aluminate cement and calcium sulfate. 3151, (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 2005).
31. Linglin, X., Peiming, W., Guangmin, W. & Guofang, Z. Effect of Calcium Sulfate on the Formation of Ettringite in Calcium Aluminate and Sulfoaluminate Blended Systems. Key Eng. Mater. 599, 23–28 (2014).
32. Pacheco-Torgal, F., Castro-Gomes, J. & Jalali, S. Alkali-activated binders: A review. Constr. Build. Mater. 22, 1305–1314 (2008).
33. Van Deventer, J. S. J., Provis, J. L. & Duxson, P. Technical and commercial progress in the adoption of geopolymer cement. Miner. Eng. 29, 89–104 (2012).
34. Kuenzel, C., Vandeperre, L. J., Donatello, S., Boccaccini, A. R. & Cheeseman, C. Ambient Temperature Drying Shrinkage and Cracking in Metakaolin-Based
Geopolymers. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95, 3270–3277 (2012).
35. Puertas, F., Izquierdo, J. D., Granizo, M. L., Palomo, Fernández-Jiménez, Effect of superplasticisers on the behaviour and properties of alkaline cements. Adv. Cem. Res. 15, 23–28 (2003).
36. Gunasekera, C., Setunge, S. & Law, D. W. Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Different Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymers. 39–50 (2019). doi:10.14359/51706941.
37. Janotka, I., Krajči, L., Ray, A. & Mojumdar, S. . The hydration phase and pore structure formation in the blends of sulfoaluminate-belite cement with Portland cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 33, 489–497 (2003).
38. Wallah, S. E. Drying shrinkage of heat-cured fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Mod. Appl. Sci. 3, 14 (2009).
39. Bissonnette, B., Pierre, P. & Pigeon, M. Influence of key parameters on drying shrinkage of cementitious materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 29, 1655–1662 (1999).
40. Al-Saleh, S. A. & Al-Zaid, R. Z. Effects of drying conditions, admixtures and specimen size on shrinkage strains. Cem. Concr. Res. 36, 1985–1991 (2006).