Brittle Failures in Precast Parking Structures

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Title: Brittle Failures in Precast Parking Structures

Author(s): William L. Gamble, Gordon H. Reigstad, and Jason Reigstad

Publication: Concrete International

Volume: 41

Issue: 9

Appears on pages(s): 32-39

Keywords: grid, fiber, strand, reinforcement

DOI: 10.14359/51720159

Date: 9/1/2019

Abstract:
Between 2006 and 2015, more than 100 parking structures were constructed using precast, prestressed double-tee (DT) members with a polymer-coated carbon-fiber grid product as the primary reinforcement for the flanges. To date, three structures exhibited brittle failures in DT flanges containing this reinforcement. The article discusses these failures and provides design calculations based on information authors discovered during field observations and study of related peer-reviewed papers, marketing literature, and construction documents.

Related References:

1. ACI Committee 440, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars (ACI 440.1R-06),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2006, 44 pp.

2. Lunn, D.; Lucier, G.; Rizkalla, S.; Cleland, N.; and Gleich, H., “New Generation of Precast Concrete Double Tees Reinforced with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Grid,” PCI Journal, V. 60, No. 4, July-Aug. 2015, pp. 37-48.

3. Post, N.M., “Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Eyed in Double-T Collapses,” ENR (Engineering News-Record), Apr. 10, 2017, pp. 10-11.

4. Post, N.M., “Sounding the Alarm about Problematic Parking Garages,” ENR, Jan. 22, 2018, p. 35.

5. “03410 CarbonCast® Double Tees Specification,” AltusGroup, Inc., Greenville, SC, Oct. 10, 2010, https://altusprecast.com/resources/carboncast-double-tees-specifications/. (last accessed June 18, 2019)

6. ACI Committee 440, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars (ACI 440.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2015, 83 pp.

7. Shield, C.K.; Galambos, T.V.; and Gulbrandsen, P., “On the History and Reliability of the Flexural Strength of FRP Reinforced Concrete Members in ACI 440.1R,” Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures 10th International Symposium, SP-275, R. Sen, R. Seracino, C. Shield, and W. Gold, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, Mar. 2011, pp. 1-18.

8. “International Building Code (IBC) 2009,” International Code Council, Country Club Hills, IL, 2009, 676 pp.

9. “ASCE/SEI 7-10: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,” third printing, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2013, 636 pp.

10. Gamble, W.L., “Analysis and Design of Double-T Flanges,” Concrete International, V. 39, No. 10, Oct. 2017, pp. 43-47.

11. PCI Handbook: Precast and Prestessed Concrete, sixth edition, Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL, 2004, 736 pp.

12. Keenan, L.E., “Analysis and Design of Welded Precast Double-Tee Connection for Cyclical Fatigue from Vehicular Loading,” Hoffman Architects, white paper presented at the International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) Fall Convention, Oct. 2015, 33 pp., www.hoffarch.com/assets/Fatigue-of-Precast-Double-Tee-Flange-Connections-October-2016.pdf. (last accessed July 26, 2019)

13. Malik, J.B., “Sport Utility Vehicles and the Design of Parking Garages,” Concrete International, V. 24, No. 3, Mar. 2002, pp. 67-71.

14. ACI Committee 440, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-03),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2003, 42 pp.

15. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.

16. “2006 North Carolina Building Code,” Section 104: Duties and Powers of Building Official, Provision 104.11 Alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment, International Code Council, 2006, p. 2.

17. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2019.




  

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