Title:
Effect of Si/Al on the Buildability of Geopolymer Printing
Author(s):
Dongmin Wang and Dawang Zhang
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
330
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
197-204
Keywords:
3-D printing; Geopolymer printing; Si/Al; Buildability.
DOI:
10.14359/51711251
Date:
9/26/2018
Abstract:
This work aims to investigate the buildability of geopolymer printing materials with silicon-to-aluminum (Si/Al) from 4.5-5.5 were prepared by addition different content of steel slag into printing materials matrix. Effects of Si/Al on the buildability of geopolymer printing were investigated by open time and rheology of fresh pastes. The results show that Si/Al ratios cause the change of buildability. Higher Si/Al of geopolymer printing materials is beneficial to buildability: longer open time, lower plastic viscosity, higher yield stress, and great thixotropic guaranteed the continuity and stability of structure in the printing system.
Related References:
1. Mansour, S., and Hague, R. J. M., “Impact of rapid manufacturing on design for manufacture for injection moulding,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacture, V. 217, No. 4, 2003, pp. 453-461. doi: 10.1243/095440503321628134
2. Evans, M. A., and Campbell, R. I., “A comparative evaluation of industrial design models produced using rapid prototyping and workshop‐based fabrication techniques,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, V. 9, No. 9, 2003, pp. 344-351. doi: 10.1108/13552540310502248
3. Suvash, P.; Yi-Wei, T.; Biranchi, P.; and Ming-jen, T., “Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, V. 2, No. 8, 2018, pp. 311-319.
4. Rouhana, C. M.; Aoun, M. S.; Faek, F. S.; Eljazzar, M. S.; and Hamzeh, F. R., The reduction of construction duration by implementing contour crafting (3D printing), in: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction: Understanding and Improving Project Based Production (IGLC), The International Group for Lean Construction Oslo, Norway, 2014, pp. 1031–1042.
5. Khoshnevis, B.; Hwang, D.; Yao, K. T.; and Yeh, Z., “Mega-scale fabrication by Contour Crafting,” International Journal of Industrial & Systems Engineering., V. 1, No. 3, 2008, pp. 16-22.
6. Snyder, T.; Weislogel, M.; Moeck, P.; Stone-Sundberg, J.; Birkes, D.; Hoffert, M. P. et al., 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing: 3D Systems Technology Overview and New Applications in Manufacturing, Engineering, Science, and Education. NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference2014.
7. Lim, S.; Buswell, R. A.; Le, T. T.; Austin, S. A.; Gibb, A. G. F.; and Thorpe, T., “Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes,” AUTOMAT CONSTR., V. 21, No. 1, 2012, pp. 262-268. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2011.06.010
8. Panda, B.; Paul, S. C.; and Tan, M. J., “Anisotropic mechanical performance of 3D printed fiber reinforced sustainable construction material,” Materials Letters, V. 2, No. 3, 2017, pp. 209-216.
9. Bos, F.; Wolfs, R.; Ahmed, Z.; and Salet, T., “Additive manufacturing of concrete in construction: potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing,” Virtual and Physical Prototyping, V. 11, No. 3, 2016, pp. 209-225. doi: 10.1080/17452759.2016.1209867
10. Le, T. T.; Austin, S. A.; Lim, S.; Buswell, R. A.; Gibb, A. G. F.; and Thorpe, T., “Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete,” Materials and Structures, V. 45, No. 8, 2012, pp. 1221-1232. doi: 10.1617/s11527-012-9828-z
11. Perrot, A.; Rangeard, D.; and Pierre, A., “Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques,” Materials and Structures, V. 49, No. 4, 2016, pp. 1213-1220. doi: 10.1617/s11527-015-0571-0
12. Khoshnevis, B.; Hwang, D.; Yao, K. T.; and Yeh, Z., “Mega-scale fabrication by Contour Crafting,” International Journal of Industrial & Systems Engineering., V. 1, No. 3, 2008, pp. 16-22.
13. Akkineni, A. R.; Luo, Y.; Schumacher, M.; Nies, B.; Lode, A.; and Gelinsky, M., “3D plotting of growth factor loaded calcium phosphate cement scaffolds,” ACTA BIOMATE., V. 27, No. 3, 2015, pp. 264-271. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.036
14. Paul, S. C.; Yi, W. D. T.; Panda, B.; and Ming, J. T., “Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, V. 18, No. 1, 2018, pp. 311-319. doi: 10.1016/j.acme.2017.02.008
15. Khalil, N.; Aouad, G.; Cheikh, K. E.; and Rémond, S., “Use of calcium sulfoaluminate cements for setting control of 3D-printing mortars,” Construction & Building Materials, V. 4, No. 3, 2017, pp. 382-391. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.109
16. Jian S, Yu H, Sun M. A kind of magnesium phosphate cement quick hard humidity control material for 3D printing and its preparation method., Vol 4, no13,2017, pp. 144-152.
17. Panda, B.; Paul, S. C.; Hui, L. J.; Yi, W. D. T.; and Tan, M. J., “Additive manufacturing of geopolymer for sustainable built environment,” Journal of Cleaner Production, V. 2, No. 13, 2017, pp. 16-25.
18. Panda, B.; Paul, S. C.; Mohamed, N. A. N.; Yi, W. D. T.; and Ming, J. T., “Measurement of tensile bond strength of 3D printed geopolymer mortar,” MEASUREMENT, V. 2, No. 3, 2017, pp. 113-119.
19. Panda, B.; Paul, S. C.; and Tan, M. J., “Anisotropic mechanical performance of 3D printed fiber reinforced sustainable construction material,” Materials Letters, V. 4, No. 1, 2017, pp. 209-216.
20. Geopolymers, D. J.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, V. 37, No. 8, 1991, pp. 1633-1656. doi: 10.1007/BF01912193
21. Hardjito, D.; Wallah, S. E.; Sumajouw, D. M. J.; and Rangan, B. V., “FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE,” Civil Engineering Dimension., V. 6, No. 2, 2004, pp. 117-122.
22. Puertas, G., “FernándezJiménez, Delvasto. Alkaline cement mortars. Chemical resistance to sulfate and seawater attack,” MATER CONSTRUCC., V. 52, No. 267, 2002, pp. 55-71. doi: 10.3989/mc.2002.v52.i267.326
23. Fernandez-Jimenez, A., and Puertas, F., “Effect of Activator Mix on the Hydration and Strength Behaviour of Alkali-Activated Slag Cements,” ADV CEM RES., V. 15, No. 3, 2003, pp. 129-136. doi: 10.1680/adcr.2003.15.3.129
24. Bakharev, T.; Sanjayan, J. G.; and Cheng, Y. B., “Resistance of alkali-activated slag concrete to acid attack,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 33, No. 10, 2003, pp. 1607-1611. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00125-X
25. Barbosa, V. F. F., and Mackenzie, K. J. D., “Thermal behavior of inorganic geopolymers and composites derived from sodium polysialate,” Materials Research Bulletin, V. 38, No. 2, 2003, pp. 391-331. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5408(02)01022-X
26. Fletcher, R. A.; Mackenzie, K. J. D.; Nicholson, C. L.; and Shimada, S., “The composition range of aluminosilicate geopolymers,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, V. 25, No. 9, 2005, pp. 1471-1477. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.06.001
27. Yusuf, M. O.; Johari, M. A. M.; Ahmad, Z. A.; and Maslehuddin, M., “Effects of H 2 O/Na 2 O molar ratio on the strength of alkaline activated ground blast furnace slag-ultrafine palm oil fuel ash based concrete,” Materials & Design, V. 56, No. 4, 2014, pp. 158-164. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.078
28. Zhang, Y.; Wei, S.; and Li, Z., “Composition design and microstructural characterization of calcined kaolin-based geopolymer cement,” Applied Clay Science, V. 47, No. 3, 2010, pp. 271-275.
29. He, P.; Wang, M.; Fu, S.; Jia, D.; Yan, S.; Yuan, J.; Xu, J.; Wang, P.; and Zhou, Y., “Effects of Si/Al ratio on the structure and properties of metakaolin based geopolymer,” Ceramics International, V. 42, No. 13, 2016, pp. 14416-14422. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.06.033
30. Thokchom, S.; Mandal, K. K.; and Ghosh, S., “Effect of Si/Al Ratio on Performance of Fly Ash Geopolymers at Elevated Temperature,” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, V. 37, No. 4, 2012, pp. 977-989. doi: 10.1007/s13369-012-0230-5
31. Subaer, H. A.; Nurhayati, I. A.; and Ekaputri, J. J., “The Influence of Si:Al and Na:Al on the Physical and Microstructure Characters of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin,” Materials Science Forum, V. 29, No. 7, 2016, pp. 170-177. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.841.170
32. Monshi, A., and Asgarani, M. K., “Producing Portland cement from iron and steel slags and limestone,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 29, No. 9, 1999, pp. 1373-1377. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00028-9
33. Wu, X.; Hong, Z.; Hou, X.; and Li, H., “Study on steel slag and fly ash composite Portland cement,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 29, No. 1, 1999, pp. 1103-1106.