Title:
Calcium Sulfoaluminate and Geopolymeric Binders as Alternatives to OPC
Author(s):
Alessandra Mobili, Alberto Belli, Antonio Telesca, Milena Marroccoli, and Francesca Tittarelli
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
326
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
28.1-28.10
Keywords:
Portland cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, geopolymer, metakaolin, hydration, microstructure, physical-mechanical properties, durability
DOI:
10.14359/51711010
Date:
8/10/2018
Abstract:
This work presents calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement and geopolymeric binder (GEO) as environment-friendly alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Mortars based on these binders were tested and compared at the same non-structural strength class (R2 ≥ 15 MPa, according to EN 1504-3). Binder pastes were preliminarily prepared to study their hydration behaviour by means of differential thermal-thermogravimetric (DT-TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Afterwards, the relative mortars were compared in terms of both fresh (workability) and hardened state properties (compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, adhesion to bricks, and water vapor permeability). Durability was also investigated in terms of capillary water absorption, drying and restrained shrinkage. Porosimetric analysis allowed to better correlate experimental results with microstructural features of the investigated mixtures. Results showed that GEO-based mortar exhibits the lowest modulus of elasticity, causing the lowest restrained shrinkage and the highest free drying shrinkage. Moreover, its highest porosity determines both the highest capillary water absorption and permeability to water vapor. On the contrary, the CSA-based mortar displays the lowest drying shrinkage, the greatest modulus of elasticity, and the lowest porosity which ensures the lowest capillary water absorption.
Related References:
1. Coppola L., Lorenzi S., Buoso, A. “Electric arc furnace granulated slag as a partial replacement of natural aggregates for concrete production” In Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 2010.
2. Giosuè C., Mobili A., Toscano G., Ruello M. L., Tittarelli F. “Effect of Biomass Waste Materials as Unconventional Aggregates in Multifunctional Mortars for Indoor Application” Procedia Engineering, V. 161, 2016, pp. 655–659.
3. Telesca A., Marroccoli M., Ibris N., Lupiáñez C., Díez L. I., Romeo L. M., Montagnaro F. “Use of oxyfuel combustion ash for the production of blended cements: A synergetic solution toward reduction of CO2 emissions” Fuel Processing Technology, V. 156, 2017, pp. 211–220.
4. Telesca A., Marroccoli M., Tomasulo M., Valenti G. L., Dieter H., Montagnaro F. “Low-CO2 Cements from Fluidized Bed Process Wastes and Other Industrial By-Products” Combustion Science and Technology, V. 188, No. 4-5, 2016, pp. 492–503.
5. Telesca A., Calabrese D., Marroccoli M., Tomasulo M., Valenti G. L., Duelli G., Montagnaro F. “Spent limestone sorbent from calcium looping cycle as a raw material for the cement industry” Fuel, V. 118, 2014, pp. 202–205.
6. Bernardo G., Marroccoli M., Nobili M., Telesca A., Valenti G. L. “The use of oil well-derived drilling waste and electric arc furnace slag as alternative raw materials in clinker production” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, V. 52, No. 1, 2007, pp. 95–102.
7. Coppola L., Coffetti D., Crotti E. “Pre-packed alkali activated cement-free mortars for repair of existing masonry buildings and concrete structures” Construction and Building Materials, V. 173, 2018, pp. 111-117.
8. Coppola L., Coffetti D., Crotti E. “Use of tartaric acid for the production of sustainable Portland-free CSA-based mortars” Construction and Building Materials, V. 171, 2018, pp. 243-249.
9. Messina F., Ferone C., Molino A., Roviello G., Colangelo F., Molino B., Cioffi, R. “Synergistic recycling of calcined clayey sediments and water potabilization sludge as geopolymer precursors: Upscaling from binders to precast paving cement-free bricks” Construction and Building Materials, V. 133, 2017, pp. 14–26.
10. Pace M. L., Telesca A., Marroccoli M., Valenti G. L. “Use of Industrial Byproducts as Alumina Sources for the Synthesis of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements” Environmental Science & Technology, V. 45, No. 14, 2011, pp. 6124–6128.
11. Marroccoli M., Pace M. L., Telesca A., Valenti G. L., Montagnaro F. “Utilization of coal combustion ashes for the synthesis of ordinary and special cements” Combustion Science and Technology, V. 182, No. 4–6, 2010, pp. 588–599.
12. Telesca A., Marroccoli M., Tomasulo M., Valenti G. L. “Hydration properties and technical behavior of calcium sulfoaluminate cements” ACI Special Publication, V. 303, 2015, pp. 237–254.
13. Telesca A., Marroccoli M., Pace M. L., Tomasulo M., Valenti G.L., Monteiro P. J. M. “A hydration study of various calcium sulfoaluminate cements” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 53, 2014, pp. 224-232.
14. Valenti G.L., Marroccoli M., Pace M.L., Telesca A. “Discussion of the paper Understanding expansion in calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cements by I.A. Chen et al., Cem. Concr. Res. 42 (2012) 51-60” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 42, No. 11, 2012, pp. 1555-1559.
15. Glasser F. P., Zhang L. “High-performance cement matrices based on calcium sulfoaluminate-belite compositions” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 31, No. 12, 2001, pp. 1881–1886.
16. Trauchessec R., Mechling J. M., Lecomte A., Roux A., Le Rolland B. “Hydration of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 56, 2015, pp. 106-114.
17. Xu L., Wu K., Li N., Zhou X., Wang P. “Utilization of flue gas desulfurization gypsum for producing calcium sulfoaluminate cement” Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, in press.
18. Wu K., Shi H., Guo X. “Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash for sulfoaluminate cement clinker production” Waste Management, V. 31, No. 9, 2011, pp. 2001–2008.
19. Gallardo H. M., Almanza R., J. M., Cortés H. D. A., Escobedo B. J. C. “Mechanical and chemical behavior of calcium sulfoaluminate cements obtained from industrial waste” Journal of the Latin-American Association of Quality Control, Pathology and Recovery of Construction, V. 6, No. 1, 2016, pp. 15–27.
20. Provis J. L. “Geopolymers and other alkali activated materials: why, how, and what?” Materials and Structures, V. 47, No. 1-2, 2013, pp. 11–25.
21. Lamond J. F., Pielert J. H. “Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials” ASTM International, New York, 2006, 200 pp.
22. Mobili A., Belli A., Giosuè C., Bellezze T., Tittarelli F. “Metakaolin and fly ash alkali-activated mortars compared with cementitious mortars at the same strength class” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 88, 2016 pp. 198–210.
23. Mobili A., Giosuè C., Bitetti M., Tittarelli F. “Cement mortars and geopolymers with the same strength class” Proceedings of Institutition of Civil Engineers: Construction Materials, V. 169, 2015, pp. 3–12.
24. Mobili A., Giosuè C., Belli A., Bellezze T., Tittarelli F. “Geopolymeric and cementitious mortars with the same mechanical strength class: Performances and corrosion behaviour of black and galvanized steel bars” ACI Special Publication, V. 305, 2015, pp. 18.1-18.10.
25. Nath P., Sarker P. K. “Flexural strength and elastic modulus of ambient-cured blended low-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete” Construction and Building Materials, V. 130, 2017, pp. 22–31.
26. Bondar D., Lynsdale C. J., Milestone N. B., Hassani N., Ramezanianpour A. A. “Engineering Properties of Alkali-Activated Natural Pozzolan Concrete” ACI Materials Journal, V. 108, No. 1, 2011, pp. 64–72.
27. Carabba L., Santandrea M., Carloni C., Manzi S., Bignozzi M. C. “Steel fiber reinforced geopolymer matrix (S-FRGM) composites applied to reinforced concrete structures for strengthening applications: A preliminary study” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 128, 2017, pp. 83-90.
28. Ma Y., Ye G. “The shrinkage of alkali activated fly ash” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 68, 2015, pp. 75-82.
29. Mehta P. K. “Expansion Characteristics of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Hydrates” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, V. 50, No. 4, 1967, pp. 204–208.
30. Chaunsali P., Lim S., Mondal P., Tobias D. H. “Factors Influencing the Early-Age Volume Change of Expansive Cements Relevant for Bridge Deck Concrete” In: Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting 13-3748. (2013 a); Washington, DC, 2013.
31. Hughes D. “Pore structure and permeability of hardened cement paste” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 37, No. 133, 1985, pp. 230–231.
32. Corinaldesi V., Moriconi G., Tittarelli F. “Thaumasite: Evidence for incorrect intervention in masonry restoration” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 25, No. 8, 2003, pp. 1157–1160.
33. Tittarelli F., Giosuè C., Mobili A., Ruello M. L. “Influence of binders and aggregates on VOCs adsorption and moisture buffering activity of mortars for indoor applications” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 57, 2015, pp. 75–83.
34. Tittarelli F., Shah S. P. “Effect of low dosages of waste GRP dust on fresh and hardened properties of mortars: Part 1” Construction and Building Materials, V. 47, 2013, pp. 1532–1538.
35. Tittarelli, F. “Effect of low dosages of waste GRP dust on fresh and hardened properties of mortars: Part 2” Construction and Building Materials, V. 47, 2013, pp. 1539-1543.
36. Ozga I., Ghedini N., Giosuè C., Sabbioni C., Tittarelli F., Bonazza A. “Assessment of air pollutant sources in the deposit on monuments by multivariate analysis” Science of the total environment, V. 490, 2014, pp. 776-784.
37. Giosuè C., Pierpaoli M., Mobili A., Ruello M. L., Tittarelli F. “Influence of Binders and Lightweight Aggregates on the Properties of Cementitious Mortars: From Traditional Requirements to Indoor Air Quality Improvement” Materials, 2017, V. 10, No. 8, pp. 978.
38. Tittarelli F., Giosuè C., Mobili A. “Recycled Glass as Aggregate for the Manufacturing of Architectural Mortars” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 2017, accepted with major revision.
39. Carsana M., Tittarelli F., Bertolini L. “Use of no-fines concrete as a building material: strength, durability properties and corrosion protection of embedded steel” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 48, 2013, pp. 64-73.
40. Tittarelli F., Mobili A., Giosuè C., Belli A. Bellezze T., “Corrosion behaviour of bare and galvanized steel in geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement based mortars with the same strength class exposed to chlorides” Corrosion Science, V. 134, 2018, pp. 64-77.