Title:
Shear Strength of Exterior and Corner Beam-Column Joints without Transverse Reinforcement
Author(s):
Wael M. Hassan and Jack P. Moehle
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
115
Issue:
6
Appears on pages(s):
1719-1727
Keywords:
beam-column; existing buildings; joints; nonductile; seismic; shear strength, strength model; strut and tie; transverse reinforcement
DOI:
10.14359/51702416
Date:
11/1/2018
Abstract:
Exterior and corner beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement can be vulnerable to shear failure under earthquake loading. A database of past tests on such joints is presented, emphasizing joints that failed in shear prior to yielding of the framing members. Trends in the behavior are observed. Available shear strength models are evaluated. Two new shear-strength models are introduced: one based on strut-and-tie modeling and another based on an empirical study of critical parameters. The new models show good correlations with test results.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2014, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 519 pp.
ACI Committee 369, 2011, “Guide for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Frame Buildings and Commentary (ACI 369R-11),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
Antonopoulos, C. P., and Triantafillou, T. C., 2003, “Experimental Investigation of FRP Strengthened RC Beam-Column Joints,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 7, No. 1, pp. 39-49. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2003)7:1(39)
ASCE/SEI 41/13, 2013, “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA.
Bakir, P. G., and Boduroğlu, H. M. 2002, “A New Design Equation for Predicting the Joint Shear Strength Of Monotonically Loaded Exterior Beam-Column Joints,” Engineering Structures, V. 24, No. 8, pp. 1105-1117. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00038-X
Escalera, V. M.; Lloyd, B.; Hassan, W. M.; and Moehle, J. P., 2009, “Evaluation of Non-Ductile Reinforced Concrete Building Corner Joint Experiencing Early Column Failure,” NEES REU Report, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, Aug.
Filiatraut, A., and Lebrun, I., 1996, “Seismic Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Joints by Epoxy Pressure Injection Technique,” Seismic Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures, SP-160, G. M. Sabnis, A. C. Shroff, and L. F. Kahn, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
Ghobarah, A., and Said, A., 2001, “Seismic Rehabilitation of Beam Column Joints Using FRP Laminates,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, V. 5, No. 1, pp. 113-129. doi: 10.1080/13632460109350388
Hanson, N. W., and Connor, H. W., 1967, “Seismic Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joints,” Journal of the Structural Division, V. 93, Oct., pp. 533-560.
Hassan, W., and Moehle, J., 2012, “Seismic Vulnerability of Corner Beam-Column Joints in Existing Concrete Buildings: An Experimental Investigation,” Proceedings, 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, Sept.
Hassan, W., and Moehle, J., 2014, “Seismic Strength Models for Beam-Column Joints in Existing Concrete Buildings,” Proceedings, 11th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Victoria, BC, Canada, July.
Hassan, W.; Refaie, F. A.; and Belal, A., 2018, “Seismic Vulnerability of Concrete Beam-Column Joints in Older Construction under High Axial Loads,” Proceedings, 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece, June 18-21.
Hassan, W. M., 2011, “Analytical and Experimental Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of Beam-Column Joints without Transverse Reinforcement in Concrete Building,” doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, May, 471 pp.
Hassan, W. M.; Park, S.; Lopez, R. R.; Mosalam, K. M.; and Moehle, J. P., 2010, “Seismic Response of Older-Type Reinforced Concrete Corner Joints,” Proceedings of the 9th U.S. National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 25-29.
Hillerborg, A.; Modéer, M.; and Petersson, P. E., 1976, “Analysis of Crack Formation and Crack Growth in Concrete by Means of Fracture Mechanics and Finite Elements,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 6, No. 6, pp. 773-782. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(76)90007-7
Hoffschild, T. E.; Prion, H. G. L.; and Cherry, S., 1993, “Seismic Retrofit of Beam-to-Column Joints with Grouted Steel Tubes,” Proceedings, Tom Paulay Symposium on Recent Development in Lateral Force Transfer in Buildings, pp. 403-431.
Hwang, S., and Lee, H., 1999, “Analytical Model for Predicting Shear Strengths of Exterior Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 96, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 846-858.
Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352, 2002, “Recommendations for Design of Beam-Column Connections in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures (ACI 352R-02),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.
Karayannis, C. G.; Chalioris, C. E.; and Sirkelis, G. M., 2008, “Local Retrofit of Exterior RC Beam-Column Joints Using Thin RC Jackets: An Experimental Study,” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, V. 37, No. 5, pp. 727-746. doi: 10.1002/eqe.783
Kim, J., and LaFave, J. M., 2009, “Joint Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Connections subjected to Seismic Lateral Loading,” Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of NSEL Report Series Report No. NSEL-020, Nov.
Kim, J., and LaFave, J. M., 2012, “Simplified Approach to Joint Shear Behavior Prediction of RC Beam-Column Connections,” Earthquake Spectra, V. 28, No. 3, pp. 1071-1096. doi: 10.1193/1.4000064
Kitayama, K.; Otani, S.; and Aoyama, H., 1991, “Development of Design Criteria for RC Interior Beam-Column Joints,” Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance, SP-123, J. O. Jirsa, ed., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 97-123.
LaFave, J. M., and Kim, J., 2011, “Joint Shear Behavior Prediction for RC Beam-Column Connections,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, V. 5, No. 1, pp. 57-64. doi: 10.4334/IJCSM.2011.5.1.057
Moehle, J., P., 2014, Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, McGraw-Hill, New York, 760 pp.
Moehle, J. P., 2000, “State of Research on Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Building Structures in the US,” US-Japan Symposium and Workshop on Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Structures—State of Research and Practice.
Moehle, J. P., and Mahin, S. A., 1991, “Observations on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Buildings during Earthquakes,” Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Structures—Inelastic Response and Design, SP-127, S. K. Ghosh, ed., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 67-89.
Okahashi, Y., and Pantelides, C. P., 2017, “Strut-and-Tie Model for Interior RC Beam-Column Joints with Substandard Details Retrofitted with CFRP Jackets,” Composite Structures, V. 165, pp. 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.01.004
Ortiz, I. R., 1993, “Strut-and-Tie Modeling of Reinforce Concrete Short Beams and Beam-Column Joints,” PhD dissertation, University of Westminster, London, UK.
Pantelides, C. P.; Hansen, J.; Nadauld, J.; and Reaveley, L. D., 2002, “Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Building Exterior Joints With Substandard Details,” Technical Report PEER 2002-18, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
Pantelides, C. P.; Hansen, J.; Ameli, M. J.; and Reaveley, L. D., 2017, “Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Building Exterior Joints with Substandard Details,” Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, V. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-11. doi: 10.1080/24705314.2017.1280589
Park, S., 2010, “Experiential and Analytical Studies on Old Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Seismically Vulnerable Beam-Column Joints,” PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, Dec.
Park, S., and Mosalam, K. M., 2012, “Analytical Model for Predicting Shear Strength of Unreinforced Exterior Beam-Column Joints,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 149-160.
Parker, D. E., and Bullman, P. J. M., 1997, “Shear Strength within Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints,” Structural Engineering, V. 75, No. 4, pp. 53-57.
Paulay, T., and Priestley, M. J. N., 1992, Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1992, 744 pp.
Salim, I. B., 2007, “The Influence of Concrete Strengths of the Behavior of the External Beam-Column Joints,” MSc thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, May.
Sarsam, K. F., and Phipps, M. E., 1985, “The Shear Design of In-situ Reinforced Beam-Column Joints Subjected to Monotonic Loading,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 37, No. 130, pp. 16-28. doi: 10.1680/macr.1985.37.130.16
Tsonos, A. G., 2009, “Performance Enhancement of R/C Building Columns and Beam-Columns Joints through Shotcrete Jacketing,” Engineering Structures, V. 32, No. 3, pp. 726-740. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.12.001
Tsonos, A. G., and Stylianidis, K., 2002, “Seismic Retrofit of Beam-to-Column Joints with High Strength Fiber Jackets,” European Earthquake Engineering, No. 16, pp. 56-72.
Vollum, R. L., and Newman, J. B., 1999, “Strut and Tie Models for the Analysis/Design of External Beam-Column Joints,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 51, No. 6, pp. 415-425. doi: 10.1680/macr.1999.51.6.415
Walker, S. G., 2001, “Seismic Performance of Existing RC Beam–Column Joints,” MSc thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Wong, H. F., 2005, “Shear Strength and Seismic Performance of Non-Seismically Designed Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints,” PhD dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Aug.