Title:
Out-of-Plane Reinforcement of Masonry Walls with Steel Reinforced Grout
Author(s):
Stefano De Santis, Gianmarco de Felice
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
324
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
9.1-9.14
Keywords:
masonry, out-of-plane, seismic retrofitting, shake table tests.
DOI:
10.14359/51702361
Date:
4/1/2018
Abstract:
A shake table investigation was carried out on a full-scale U-shaped masonry assemblage to study the effectiveness of Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) for the improvement of the out-of-plane seismic capacity of masonry walls. Natural accelerograms were applied with increasing scale factor up to failure. A first session of tests was
performed on the unreinforced specimen, that collapsed by out-of-plane overturning. Steel tie bars were then installed to prevent overturning. In this case, severe damage developed due to bending. Finally, the wall was retrofitted with horizontal strips of Ultra High Tensile Strength Steel cords, externally bonded to the masonry with
lime based mortar, and steel connectors. SRG led to a significant improvement of the seismic capacity, strongly limited damage development, and entailed small modifications of the dynamic properties of the specimen. Since the reinforcement had a thickness of less than 10mm, it is suitable for applications within the plaster layer during the maintenance work of the façades without modifying their appearance.
Related References:
1. Lagomarsino S., 2012, “Damage assessment of churches after L'Aquila earthquake (2009)”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, V. 10, No 1, pp. 73-92.
2. Sorrentino L., Liberatore L., Decanini L.D., Liberatore D., 2013, “The performance of churches in the 2012 Emilia earthquakes”, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, V. 12, No 5, pp. 2299-2331.
3. de Felice G., De Santis S., Lourenço P.B., Mendes N., 2017, “Methods and challenges for the seismic assessment of historic masonry structures”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, V. 11, No 1, pp, 143-160.
4. Triantafillou T.C., 1998, “Strengthening of masonry structures using epoxy-bonded FRP laminates”, Journal of Composites for Construction, V. 2, No 2, pp. 96-104.
5. Willis C.R., Yang Q., Seracino R., Griffith M.C., 2009, “Damaged masonry walls in two-way bending retrofitted with vertical FRP strips”, Construction and Building Materials, V. 23, No 4, pp. 1591-1604.
6. de Felice G., De Santis S., Garmendia L., Ghiassi B., Larrinaga P., Lourenço P.B., Oliveira D.V., Paolacci F, Papanicolaou C.G., 2014, “Mortar-based systems for externally bonded strengthening of masonry”, Materials and Structures, V. 47, No 12, pp. 2021-2037.
7. Valluzzi M.R., Modena C., de Felice G., 2014, “Current practice and open issues in strengthening historical buildings with composites”, Materials and Structures, V. 47, pp. 1971-1985.
8. Papanicolaou C.G., Triantafillou T.C., Papathanasiou M., Karlos K., 2008, “Textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) versus FRP as strengthening material of URM walls: out-of-plane cyclic loading”, Materials and Structures, V. 41, No 1, pp. 143-157.
9. Babaeidarabad S., De Caso F., Nanni A., 2013, “Out-of-Plane Behavior of URM Walls Strengthened with Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Composite”, Journal of Composites for Construction, V. 18, No 4, paper 04013057.
10. Mordanova A., De Santis S., de Felice G., 2016,” State-of-the-art review of out-of-plane strengthening of masonry walls with mortar-based composites”, Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC2016), 12-16 September 2016, Leuven, Be.
11. ACI 459.4R-13: Guide to design and construction of externally bonded fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems for repair and strengthening concrete and masonry structures. American Concrete Institute: Farmington Hills, MI, 2013.
12. Huang X., Birman V., Nanni A., Tunis G., 2005, “Properties and potential for application of steel reinforced polymer and steel reinforced grout composites”, Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 36, No 1, pp. 73-82.
13.De Santis S., de Felice G., Napoli A., Realfonzo R., 2016, “Strengthening of structures with Steel Reinforced Polymers: A state-of-the-art review”, Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 104, pp. 87-110.
14. Ascione L., de Felice G., De Santis S., 2017, “A qualification method for externally bonded Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) strengthening systems”, Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 78, pp. 497-506.
15. De Santis S., de Felice G., 2015, “Steel reinforced grout systems for the strengthening of masonry structures”, Composite Structures, V. 134, pp. 533-548.
16. De Santis S., Carozzi F.G., de Felice G., Poggi C., 2015, “Test methods for Textile Reinforced Mortar systems”, Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 127, pp. 121-132.
17. De Santis S., Ceroni F., de Felice G., Fagone M., Ghiassi B., Kwiecien A., Lignola G.P., Morganti M., Santandrea M., Valluzzi M.R., Viskovic A., “Round Robin Test on tensile and bond behaviour of Steel Reinforced Grout systems”. Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 127, pp. 100-120.
18. AlShawa O., de Felice G., Mauro A., Sorrentino L., 2011, “Out-of-plane seismic behaviour of rocking masonry walls”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, V. 41, No 5, pp. 949-968.
19. De Santis S., de Felice G., 2015, “Tensile behaviour of mortar-based composites for externally bonded reinforcement systems”, Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 68, pp. 401-413.
20. De Canio G., de Felice G., De Santis S., Giocoli A., Mongelli M., Paolacci F., Roselli I., 2016, “Passive 3D motion optical data in shaking table tests of a SRG-reinforced masonry wall”, Earthquakes and Structures, V. 10, No 1, pp. 53-71.
21. De Santis S., Casadei P., De Canio G., de Felice G., Malena M., Mongelli M., Roselli I., 2016, “Seismic performance of masonry walls retrofitted with steel reinforced grout”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, V. 45, No 2, pp. 229-251.