Title:
Quantitative Relationship Involving Reinforcing Bar Corrosion and Ground-Penetrating Radar Amplitude
Author(s):
Rakesh K. Raju, Md Istiaque Hasan, and Nur Yazdani
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
115
Issue:
3
Appears on pages(s):
449-457
Keywords:
amplitude; dielectric constant; durability; ground-penetrating radar (GPR); reinforcing bar corrosion; two-way travel time
DOI:
10.14359/51702187
Date:
5/1/2018
Abstract:
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used for qualitative assessment of defects in reinforced concrete structures, such as
corrosion-induced deterioration in concrete bridges. However, reliable quantitative models for GPR estimations of reinforcing
bar corrosion are unavailable. This study quantitatively related
the reinforcing bar corrosion with the maximum reflected waveform amplitude from GPR scanning. Accelerated corrosion was used to induce reinforcing bar corrosion, and GPR scanning monitored corrosion at three stages: before and after submersion into saltwater solution and at the end of a preset corrosion period. As expected, the reinforcing bar corrosion mass loss was greater for longer corrosion periods, larger reinforcing bar size, and lower cover. The GPR amplitude increased with increased corrosion activity. A set of polynomial curves were proposed for particular dielectric constant, reinforcing bar size and cover. The model was calibrated with the GPR scan data from a portion of a demolished old concrete bridge deck.
Related References:
1. Narayanan, R. M.; Hudson, S. G.; Kumke, C. J.; and Hall, D. D., “Nebraska DOR Tests GPR to Find Bridge Corrosion,” Better Roads, V. 73, No. 2, 2005, pp. 70-73.
2. Hugenschmidt, J., and Loser, R., “Detection of Chlorides and Moisture in Concrete Structures with Ground Penetrating Radar,” Materials and Structures, V. 41, No. 4, 2008, pp. 785-792. doi: 10.1617/s11527-007-9282-5
3. Zhan, B. J.; Lai, W. L.; Kou, S. C.; Poon, S. C.; and Tsang, W. F., “Correlation between Accelerated Steel Corrosion in Concrete and Ground Penetrating Radar Parameters,” Proceedings of the International RILEM Conference on Advances in Construction Materials through Science and Engineering, C. Leung and K. T. Wan, eds., RILEM Publications SARL, 2011, pp. 563-571.
4. Hubbard, S. S.; Zhang, J.; Monteiro, P. J. M.; Peterson, J. E.; and Rubin, Y., “Experimental Detection of Reinforcing Bar Corrosion Using Non-Destructive Geophysical Techniques,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 100, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2003, pp. 501-510.
5. Hasan, M. I., and Yazdani, N., “An Experimental Study for Quantitative Estimation of Reinforcing Bar Corrosion in Concrete Using Ground Penetrating Radar,” Journal of Engineering, 2016, 8 pp. doi: 10.1155/2016/8536850.10.1155/2016/8536850
6. Martino, N.; Maser, K.; Birken, R.; and Wang, M., “Quantifying Bridge Deck Corrosion Using Ground Penetrating Radar,” Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, V. 27, No. 2, 2016, pp. 112-124. doi: 10.1080/09349847.2015.1067342
7. Lai, W. L.; Kind, T.; and Wiggenhauser, H., “Detection of Accelerated Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete by Ground Penetrating Radar,” Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), L. Crocco et al., eds., 2010, pp. 1-5.
8. Hong, S.; Lai, W. W.-L.; Wilsch, G.; Helmerich, R.; Helmerich, R.; Günther, T.; and Wiggenhauser, H., “Periodic Mapping of Reinforcement Corrosion in Intrusive Chloride Contaminated Concrete with GPR,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 66, 2014, pp. 671-684. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.019
9. Mansfeld, F., “Area Relationships in Galvanic Corrosion,” Corrosion, V. 27, No. 10, 1971, pp. 436-442. doi: 10.5006/0010-9312-27.10.436
10. Yazdani, N., and Goucher, E., “Increasing Durability of Lightweight Concrete through FRP Wrap,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 82, 2015, pp. 166-172. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.036
11. Stratton, J. A., Electromagnetic Theory, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2007, 640 pp.
12. Daniels, D., Ground Penetrating Radar, second edition, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, UK, 2004.
13. ASTM G1-03(2011), “Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011, 9 pp.
14. El-Maaddawy, T. A., and Soudki, K. A., “Effectiveness of Impressed Current Technique to Simulate Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 15, No. 1, 2003, pp. 41-47. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:1(41)
15. Broomfield, J. P., Corrosion of Steel in Concrete: Understanding, Investigation and Repair, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2002, 264 pp.
16. Mulaveesala, R.; Panda, S. S. B.; Mude, R. N.; and Amarnath, M., “Non-Destructive Evaluation of Concrete Structures by Non-Stationary Thermal Wave Imaging,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, V. 32, 2012, pp. 39-48. doi: 10.2528/PIERL12042005
17. Mulaveesala, R.; Siddiqui, J.; Arora, V.; Dua, G.; Subbarao, G. V.; and Muniyappa, A., “Testing and Evaluation of Concrete Structures by Thermal Wave Imaging,” Paper No. 94850G, Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2015.
18. Mulaveesala, R.; Panda, S. S. B.; Mude, R. N.; and Amarnath, M., “Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete Structures by Nonstationary Thermal Wave Imaging,” Paper No. 8354, Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2012.