Title:
Flexural Testing of Circular Concrete-Filled Tubes without Axial Forces
Author(s):
Andrew Nghiem, Thomas H.-K. Kang, Minsun Lee, Chris Ramseyer, and Cheol-Ho Lee
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
115
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
511-523
Keywords:
circular concrete-filled tube; effective stiffness; end plates; flexural testing; nominal moment strength
DOI:
10.14359/51701134
Date:
3/1/2018
Abstract:
Most prior experimental research on concrete-filled tubes has been focused on concentric or eccentric axial loads. Even though several experimental research programs were conducted without axial forces, those have been done using small-sized specimens. The aim of this study is to examine the flexural behavior of fullscale circular concrete-filled tubes (CCFTs) without axial forces. Additionally, this study investigates the effect of end plates on the flexural behavior. A total of five full-scale beam specimens with typical U.S. steel tubes were tested under four-point bending with a relatively large shear span to examine the flexural behavior of CCFTs including the flexural stiffness and strength. Tests consisted of one hollow thick-walled steel tube, two thick-walled CCFT sections, and two thin-walled CCFT sections. The test results are shown with applied moment, deflection, steel, and concrete strains at each location, and push-out movement of concrete. Furthermore, prior CCFT specimens without axial loads are collectively analyzed to evaluate the nominal flexural strength and stiffness of CCFTs according to ACI, AISC, and Eurocode 4 provisions. The study clarifies that there is no need for code changes regarding the nominal moment strength of CCFTs without axial forces; however, only the ACI 318 code gives reasonable predictions of the flexural stiffness of CCFTs.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2014, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 529 pp.
AISC, 2005, “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-05),” 13th edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL, USA, 518 pp.
AISC, 2011, “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-10),” 14th edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL, 609 pp.
Chitawadagi, M. V., and Narasimhan, M. C., 2009, “Strength Deformation Behaviour of Circular Concrete Filled Steel Tubes Subjected to Pure Bending,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, V. 65, No. 8-9, pp. 1836-1845. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.04.006
Deng, Y.; Tuan, C.; Zhou, Q.; and Xiao, Y., 2011, “Flexural Strength Analysis of Non-Post-Tensioned and Post-Tensioned Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubes,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, V. 67, No. 2, pp. 192-202. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.08.005
Elchalakani, M.; Zhao, X. L.; and Grzebieta, R. E., 2001, “Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubes Subjected to Pure Bending,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, V. 57, No. 11, pp. 1141-1168. doi: 10.1016/S0143-974X(01)00035-9
Eurocode 4, 2004, “Design of Composite Steel And Concrete Structures. Part 1.1: General Rules and Rules for Building,” European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
Furlong, R. W., 1967, “Strength of Steel-Encased Concrete Beam-Columns,” Journal of Structural Engineering, V. 93, pp. 113-125.
Gho, W. M., and Liu, D., 2004, “Flexural Behaviour of High-Strength Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Hollow Sections,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, V. 60, No. 11, pp. 1681-1696. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.03.007
Han, L., 2004, “Flexural Behaviour of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, V. 60, No. 2, pp. 313-337. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2003.08.009
Han, L.; Lu, H.; Yao, G.; and Liao, F., 2006, “Further Study on the Flexural Behaviour of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes,” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, V. 62, No. 6, pp. 554-565. doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.09.002
Lee, C.-H.; Kang, T. H.-K.; Kim, S.-Y.; and Kang, K., 2016, “Strain Compatibility Method for the Design of Short Rectangular Concrete-Filled Tube Columns under Eccentric Axial Loads,” Construction & Building Materials, V. 121, pp. 143-153. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.145
Lee, M., and Kang, T. H.-K., 2016, “Flexural Strength of Circular Concrete-Filled Tubes,” Advances in Computational Design, V. 1, No. 4, pp. 297-313. doi: 10.12989/acd.2016.1.4.297
Lu, Y., and Kennedy, D., 1994, “The Flexural Behaviour of Concrete-Filled Hollow Structural Sections,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 21, No. 1, pp. 111-130. doi: 10.1139/l94-011
Matsui, C., and Tsuda, K., 1987, “Strength and Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Square Tubular Columns with Large Width-Thickness Ratio,” Proceedings of Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, V. 2, pp. 1-9.
Mohri, E.; Shioi, Y.; and Hasegawa, A., 2002, “Performance of Reinforced Concrete Filled Tube for Shear Force and Bending Moment,” Hachinohe Institute of Technology, V. 9, pp. 13-28.
Prion, H. G. L., and Boehme, J., 1994, “Beam-Column Behaviour of Steel Tubes Filled with High Strength Concrete,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 21, No. 2, pp. 207-218. doi: 10.1139/l94-024
Probst, A.; Kang, T. H.-K.; Ramseyer, C.; and Kim, U., 2010, “Composite Flexural Behavior of Full-Scale Concrete Filled Tubes without Axial Loads,” Journal of Structural of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 136, No. 11, pp. 1401-1412. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000241
Roeder, C. W.; Cameron, B.; and Brown, C. W., 1999, “Composite Action in Concrete Filled Tubes,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 125, No. 5, pp. 477-484. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:5(477)
Roeder, C. W.; Lehman, D. E.; and Thody, R., 2009, “Composite Action in CFT Components and Connections,” Engineering Journal,” Fourth Quarter, V. 46, No. 4, pp. 229-242.
Sawab, J.; Luu, C. H.; Nie, X.; Lim, I.; Mo, Y. L.; and Li, M., 2016, “Structural Integrity of Steel Plate Ultra High-Performance Concrete Modules,” Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance, V. 1, No. 3, pp. 95-106. doi: 10.1080/24705314.2016.1211236
Schneider, S. P., 1998, “Axially Loaded Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 124, No. 10, pp. 1125-1138. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:10(1125)
Thody, R., 2006, “Experimental Investigation of the Flexural Properties of High-Strength Concrete Filled Steel Tubes,” master’s thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 182 pp.
Wheeler, A., and Bridge, R., 2004, “The Behaviour of Circular Concrete-Filled Thin-Walled Steel Tubes in Flexure,” Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, pp. 424-430.