Title:
Seismic Performance of a Building Subjected to Intermediate Seismic Shaking
Author(s):
Carlos A. Arteta and Jack P. Moehle
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
115
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
299-309
Keywords:
building code; design provisions; intermediate moment frames; intermediate seismic hazard; ordinary reinforced concrete structural wall
DOI:
10.14359/51701095
Date:
3/1/2018
Abstract:
A 10-story reinforced concrete building with intermediate moment frames and ordinary structural walls is designed to satisfy the provisions of a set of building codes widely used in the United States and around the world. A two-dimensional (2-D) analytical model representing the nonlinear properties of the structural framing is implemented in computer software. The analytical model is subjected to 104 recorded earthquake ground motions consistent with the “intermediate” seismic environment of the building. The results enable comparison of the expected performance of a codecompliant structure and actual performance as represented by the numerical model. It is concluded that the prescriptive code-based approach can lead to critical underestimation of seismic demands. Of particular concern are the anticipated shear forces, which for some key structural components are beyond the design capacities. Coupled with structural detailing employed in these structures, the results indicate a high potential for relatively brittle failures in some key components during design-level shaking.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2008, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-08),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 473 pp.
ACI Committee 318, 2011, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-11),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 503 pp.
Arteta, C. A., and Moehle, J. P., 2014, “Review of the Behavior of a Code Compliant Structural Design under Realistic Case Scenario of Seismic Hazard Demand,” UCB/SEMM Report No. 2014/05, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 67 pp.
ASCE, 2010, “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10),” American Society of Civil Engineering/ Structural Engineering Institute, Reston, VA, 636 pp.
Baker, J. W., 2011, “Conditional Mean Spectrum Tool for Ground Motion Selection,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 137, No. 3, pp. 322-331. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000215
Baker, J. W., and Cornell, C. A., 2006, “Spectral Shape, Epsilon and Record Selection,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, V. 35, No. 9, pp. 1077-1095. doi: 10.1002/eqe.571
Bayhan, B.; Moehle, J. P.; Yavari, S.; Elwood, K. J.; Lin, S. H.; Wu, C. L.; and Hwang, S. J., 2015, “Seismic Response of a Concrete Frame with Weak Beam-Column Joints,” Earthquake Spectra, V. 31, No. 1, pp. 293-315. doi: 10.1193/071811EQS179M
Beca, 2011, “Investigation into the Collapse of the Pyne Gould Corporation Building on 22nd February 2011,” Report to the Department of Building and Housing, Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.
Beyer, K.; Dazio, A.; and Priestley, M. J. N., 2011, “Shear Deformations of Slender Reinforced Concrete Walls under Seismic Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 167-177.
Campbell, K. W., and Bozorgnia, Y., 2008, “NGA Ground Motion Model for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of PGA, PGV, PGD and 5% Damped Linear Elastic Response Spectra for Periods Ranging from 0.01 to 10 s,” Earthquake Spectra, V. 24, No. 1, pp. 139-171. doi: 10.1193/1.2857546
CSI, 2008, ETABS – Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems (v9.5.0), Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Eberhard, M. O., and Sozen, M. A., 1993, “Behavior-Based Method to Determine Design Shear in Earthquake-Resistant Walls,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 119, No. 2, pp. 619-640. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:2(619)
Eibl, J., and Kreintzel, E., 1988, “Seismic Shear Forces in RC Cantilever Shear Walls,” Proceedings, 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper 9-1-1, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan.
Elwood, K., 2013, “Performance of Concrete Buildings in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch Earthquake and Implications for Canadian Codes,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 40, No. 3, pp. 759-776.
Eurocode 8, 2004, “Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance, Part 1, General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings,” Comité Européen de Normalisation, Brussels, Belgium.
Filippou, F. C.; Popov, E. P.; and Bertero, V. V., 1983, “Effects of Bond Deterioration on Hysteretic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Joints,” Report UCB/EERC-83/19, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 212 pp.
Han, S. W., and Jee, N. Y., 2005, “Seismic Behaviors of Columns in Ordinary and Intermediate Moment Resisting Concrete Frames,” Engineering Structures, V. 27, No. 6, pp. 951-962. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.01.012
Huang, Y. N.; Whittaker, A. S.; Luco, N.; and Hamburger, R. O., 2009, “Scaling Earthquake Ground Motions for Performance-Based Assessment of Buildings,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 137, No. 3, pp. 311-321. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000155
IBC, 2012, “International Building Code (IBC-2012),” International Code Council, Inc., Country Club Hills, IL, 690 pp.
Jeong, S. H.; Mwafy, A. M.; and Elnashai, A. S., 2012, “Probabilistic Seismic Performance Assessment of Code-Compliant Multi-Story RC Buildings,” Engineering Structures, V. 34, pp. 527-537. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.10.019
Jünemann, R.; de la Llera, J. C.; Hube, M. A.; Cifuentes, L. A.; and Kausel, E., 2015, “A Statistical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Wall Buildings Damaged during the 2010, Chile Earthquake,” Engineering Structures, Elsevier Ltd., V. 82, pp. 168-185. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.014
Kent, D. C., and Park, R., 1971, “Flexural Members with Confined Concrete,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 97, No. 7, pp. 1969-1990.
Lowes, L. N., and Altoontash, A., 2003, “Modeling Reinforced-Concrete Beam-Column Joints Subjected to Cyclic Loading,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 129, No. 12, pp. 1686-1697. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:12(1686)
Massone, L. M., and Wallace, J. W., 2004, “Load-Deformation Responses of Slender Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 101, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 103-113.
McKenna, F.; Fenves, G. L.; Scott, M. H.; and Jeremic, B., 2000, Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees), Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, http://opensees.berkeley.edu.
Mohd Yassin, M. H., 1994, “Nonlinear Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Structures under Monotonic and Cyclic Loads,” PhD dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 195 pp.
NSR-10, 2010, “Reglamento Colombiano de Construcción Sismo Resistente (NSR-10),” Asociación Colombiana de Ingeniería Sísmica (AIS). Bogotá D.C., Colombia, 406 pp.
Panagiotou, M., and Restrepo, J. I., 2011, “Displacement-Based Method of Analysis for Regular Reinforced-Concrete Wall Buildings: Application to a Full-Scale 7-Story Building Slice Tested at UC–San Diego,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 137, No. 6, pp. 677-690. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000333
PEER NGA-West2 Database, 2013, “A Database of Ground Motions Recorded in Shallow Crustal Earthquakes in Active Tectonic Regions,” Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu. (last accessed Feb. 6, 2018)
Rejec, K.; Isaković, T.; and Fischinger, M., 2012, “Seismic Shear Force Magnification in RC Cantilever Structural Walls Designed According to Eurocode 8,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, V. 10, No. 2, pp. 567-586. doi: 10.1007/s10518-011-9294-y
Scott, B. D.; Park, R.; and Priestley, M. J., 1982, “Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete Confined by Overlapping Hoops at Low and High Strain Rates,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 79, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 13-27.
SEAOC Seismology Committee, 2009, “Reinforced Concrete Structures,” 2009 SEAOC Blue Book: Seismic Design Recommendations, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, CA, pp 9.7-9.9.
Spacone, E.; Filippou, F. C.; and Taucer, F. F., 1996, “Fibre Beam-Column Model for Non-Linear Analysis of R/C Frame: Part I. Formulation,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,,” V. 25, pp. 711-725.
TBI, 2010, “Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings,” PEER Report No. 2010/05, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 84 pp.
Wallace, J. W.; Massone, L. M.; Bonelli, P.; Dragovich, J.; Lagos, R.; Lüders, C.; and Moehle, J. P., 2012, “Damage and Implications for Seismic Design of RC Structural Wall Buildings,” Earthquake Spectra, V. 28, pp. S281-S299. doi: 10.1193/1.4000047
Watson-Lamprey, J., and Abrahamson, N., 2006, “Selection of Ground Motion Time Series and Limits on Scaling,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, No. 26, pp. 477-482.