Title:
Tailoring a New Restrained Shrinkage Test for Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Author(s):
Adriano Reggia, Fausto Minelli and Giovanni A. Plizzari
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
319
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
5.1-5.14
Keywords:
cracking development; degree of restraint; fiber reinforced concrete; notched ring test; restrained shrinkage; ring test; shrinkage; shrinkage reducing admixture; time-to-cracking.
DOI:
10.14359/51700854
Date:
6/1/2017
Abstract:
The progress of concrete research during the last three decades has highlighted the possibility of enhancing the properties of cement-based materials, such as compressive strength or workability of the fresh mixes, as well as for other important properties like toughness, durability or volumetric stability. Among these, the resistance to shrinkage cracking is gaining an increasing attention, due to its strict relation to durability. In fact, shrinkage cracking occurs in all concrete structures when the free deformation of concrete is restrained. The higher the shrinkage deformation and the degree of restraint, the higher the risk of cracking, for the same
concrete strength. Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), now widely available into the market, allows for a better crack control due to
the higher post-cracking strength; the latter is related to the links provided by fibers between the crack faces. However, shrinkage-cracking resistance should be determined with tailored methodologies measuring the crack development under restrained shrinkage conditions. The aim of this paper is a critical discussion on the current standard test procedures and, eventually, a proposal
for a novel and enhanced testing set-up for measuring the shrinkage-cracking resistance of FRC. The effects of polymer fibers and Shrinkage Reducing Admixture (SRA) are discussed with reference to the time-to-cracking and the crack width development.
Related References:
1. Banthia, N., Azzabi, M., and Pigeon, M., “Restrained shrinkage cracking in fibre reinforced cementitiouscomposites”, Materials and Structures, V. 26, No. 7, 1993, pp. 405-413.
2. Kovler, K., “Testing system for determining the mechanical behaviour of early age concrete under restrainedand free uniaxial shrinkage”, Materials and Structures, V. 26, No. 6, 1994, pp. 324-330.
3. Kraai, P. P., “A proposed test to determine the cracking potential due to drying shrinkage of concrete”,Concrete construction, V. 30, No. 9, 1985, pp. 775-778.
4. Swamy, R. N., and Stavrides, H., “Influence of fiber reinforcement on restrained shrinkage and cracking”.ACI Journal proceedings, V. 76, No. 3, 2979, pp. 443-460.
5. Kovler, K., Sikuler, J., and Bentur, A., “Restrained shrinkage tests of fibre reinforced concrete ringspecimens: effect of core thermal expansion”, Materials and Structures, V. 26, No. 4, 1993, pp. 231-237.
6. Shah, H. R., and Weiss, J., “Quantifying shrinkage cracking in fiber reinforced concrete using the ring test”, Materials and structures, V. 39, No. 9, 2006, pp. 887-899.
7. Wiegrink, K., Marikunte, S., and Shah, S. P., “Shrinkage cracking of high-strength concrete”, ACI MaterialsJournal, V. 93, No. 5, 1996, pp. 409-415.
8. Grzybowski, M., and Shah, S. P., “Shrinkage cracking of fiber reinforced concrete”, ACI Materials Journal,V. 87, No. 2, 1990, pp. 138-148.
9. Cangiano, S. Sgobba, S. Plizzari, G.A. Minelli, F. & Reggia, A., “Characterization of cracking behaviour ofconcrete under restrained shrinkage through ring test (in italian)”, CTE congress proceedings, 2012.
10. Reggia, A., Minelli, F., & Plizzari, G. A., “Suitable Restrained Shrinkage Test for Fibre ReinforcedConcrete: A Critical Discussion”, 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements, Springer,Delft, 2012, pp. 615-624.
11. Reggia, A., “Characterization of the Shrinkage Behavior of High Performance Cement Based Materials forStructural Rehabilitation”, PhD Thesis, ARACNE editrice Roma, 2013.
12. AASHTO PP 34-99, “Standard Practice for Estimating the Cracking Tendency of Concrete”, AmericanAssociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC, USA, 1999.
13. ASTM C1581/C1581M, “Standard Test Method for Determining Age at Cracking and Induced TensileStress Characteristics of Mortar and Concrete under Restrained Shrinkage”, ASTM International, WestConshohocken, PA, USA, 2009.
14. See, H. T., Attiogbe, E. K., & Miltenberger, M. A., “Shrinkage cracking characteristics of concrete usingring specimens”, ACI Materials Journal, V. 100, No. 3, 2003, pp. 239-245.