Title:
New Active Rheometer for Flowable Concrete
Author(s):
Chung-Ho Huang, Chao-Shun Chang, Shu-Ken Lin, and Tsong Yen
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
114
Issue:
3
Appears on pages(s):
429-439
Keywords:
flowable concrete; fly ash; rheology; rheometer; workability
DOI:
10.14359/51689618
Date:
5/1/2017
Abstract:
Based on the flow characteristics of cementitious materials as well as the relative relations of deformation and stress of materials at flowing process, this research develops an apparatus capable of inducing flowable concrete to form a stable annulus flow field from which the angular deformation, angular velocity, and torque can be measured. Because no external stress is applied on the material during deformation, the apparatus is named an “active rheometer” (ARM). The measured data were automatically recorded by computer and the results were calculated and analyzed using rheological theories to directly convert into fluid characteristics of shear stress and shear strain rate. Comparison of the test results measured by the ARM and the standard Brookfield viscometer prove that the ARM has relatively better reliability and accuracy. The test results have shown that ARM is sensitive enough to measure the rheological parameters of flowable concrete.
Related References:
1. Tattersall, G. H., and Banfill, P. F. G., Rheology of Fresh Concrete, Pitman, London, UK, 1983, pp. 76-304.
2. Mindness, S., and Young, J. F., Concrete, Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2003, pp. 202-210.
3. ASTM C143-90, “Standard Test Method for Slump of Portland Cement Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1990.
4. JSCE-F503, “Method of Test for the Slump Flow of Concrete,” Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1990.
5. Domone, P., “The Slump Flow Test for High-Workability Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 28, No. 2, 1998, pp. 177-182. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00224-X
6. Bingham, E. C., and Reiner, M., “The Rheological Properties of Cement and Cement-Mortar-Stone,” Physics, V. 4, 1933, pp. 88-96.
7. Macosko, C. W., Rheology: Principles, Measurements and Applications, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1994, pp. 175-178.
8. Murata, J., and Kikukawa, H., “Study on Rheological Analysis of Fresh Concrete, in Fresh Concrete: Important Properties and Their Measurement,” Proceedings of a RILEM Seminar, V. 1, Leeds, UK, Mar. 22-24, 1993, pp. 1.2-1 to 1.2-33.
9. Uzomaka, O. J., “A Concrete Rheometer and Its Application to a Rheological Study of Concrete Mixes,” Rheologica Acta, V. 13, No. 1, 1974, pp. 12-21. doi: 10.1007/BF01526878
10. Tattersall, G. H., Measurement of Workability Concrete, Nottingham, 1971.
11. Roy, D. M., and Asaga, K., “The Effect of Mixing Procedures on Viscometric Properties of Mixes Containing Superplasticizers,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 9, 1979, pp. 731-739. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(79)90068-1
12. Atzeni, C.; Mssidda, L.; and Sanna, U., “Comparison between Rheological Models for Portland Cement Pastes,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 15, No. 3, 1985, pp. 511-519. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(85)90125-5
13. Banfill, P. F. G., and James, D. C., “On the Viscometer Examination of Cement Pastes,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 11, No. 3, 1981, pp. 363-370. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(81)90108-3
14. Wallevik, O. H., and Gjørv, O. E., “Development of a Coaxial Cylinders Viscometer for Fresh Concrete,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Properties of Fresh Concrete, Chapman and Hall, London, UK, 1990, pp. 213-224.
15. De Larrard, F.; Szitkar, J. C.; Hu, C.; and Joly, M., “Design of a Rheometer for Fluid Concrete,” Special Concretes: Workability and Mixing, P. J. M. Bartos, ed., E&FN Spon, London, UK, 1993, pp. 201-208.
16. De Larrard, F.;, “Hu, C.; Sedran, T.; Szitkar, C.; Joly M.; Claux, F.; and Derkx F., “A New Rheometer for Soft-to-Fluid Fresh Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 94, No. 3, May-June 1997, pp. 234-243.
17. Tattersall, G. H., Workability and Quality Control of Concrete, E&FN Spon, London, UK, 1991, pp. 202-242.
18. Yen, T.; Chen, H. J.; Tang, J. W.; and Wu, W. H., “The Rheological Behavior of Fresh High-Performance Concrete,” V. 2, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Utilization of High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete, Paris, France, 1996, pp. 281-285.
19. Yen, T.; Tang, C. W.; Chang, C. S.; and Chen, K. H., “The Rheological Behavior of Fresh High-Performance Concrete,” Proceedings of International Conference on Infrastructure Regeneration and Rehabilitation Improving the Quality of Life through Better Construction, June 28 to July 2 1999, pp. 329-338.
20. Yen, T.; Tang, C. W.; Chang, C. S.; and Chen, K. H., “Flow Behavior of High Strength High-Performance Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 21, No. 5-6, 1999, pp. 413-424. doi: 10.1016/S0958-9465(99)00026-8
21. Astarita, G., and Marrucci, G., Principles of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd., Bristol, UK, 1974, pp. 153-193.
22. Lu, P.-C., Introduction to the Mechanics of Viscous Fluids, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York, 1973, pp. 226-256.
23. Fox, R. W., and McDonald, A. T., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, fourth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994.
24. Baker, A. J., Finite Element Computational Fluid Mechanics, Hemisphere Pub. Corp., Washington, DC, 1983, pp. 233-303, 371-469.
25. Ayyub, B. M., and Mccuen, R. H., Numerical Methods for Engineers, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996, pp. 180-262.
26. Hu, C.; De Larrard, F.; and Gjørv, O. E., “Rheological Testing and Modelling of Fresh High Performance Concrete,” Materials and Structures, V. 28, No. 175, 1995, pp. 1-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02473286
27. Kawai, T., and Hashida, H., “Fundamental Research in the Rheological Properties of Super Workable Concrete,” Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, V. 16, No. 1, 1994, pp. 125-130.