Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction and Freezing and Thawing through Surface Treatment

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Title: Mitigation of Alkali-Silica Reaction and Freezing and Thawing through Surface Treatment

Author(s): Richard A. Deschenes Jr., Cameron D. Murray, and W. Micah Hale

Publication: Materials Journal

Volume: 114

Issue: 2

Appears on pages(s): 307-314

Keywords: alkali-silica reaction (ASR); breathable vapor barrier; elastomeric paint; freezing and thawing; linseed oil; mitigation; silane

DOI: 10.14359/51689493

Date: 3/1/2017

Abstract:
The research program included an investigation of mitigation methods applied to concrete barrier walls that exhibited damage due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and freezing and thawing. The damage within the barrier varies inconsistently between sections. Although most of the barrier exhibits minimal visible damage, large portions of the barrier show moderate damage, and several sections exhibit severe damage or complete failure. Several sections of the median barrier, with different initial damage, were instrumented to monitor strain and internal relative humidity. Sections were then treated with surface treatments and monitored for 2 years. Preliminary conclusions show that silane is effective in controlling ASR within the damaged sections of the barrier. The sections of moderate and severe damage expanded rapidly during winter months due to freezing-and-thawing distress. However, silane reduced the ASR and freezing-and-thawing-related distress in the moderate and severely damaged sections.

Related References:

1. Deschenes, R. Jr., and Hale, W. M., “Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete with Previously Inert Aggregates,” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE, 2016, p. 04016084. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000946

2. Stark, D., “The Moisture Condition of Field Concrete Exhibiting Alkali-Silica Reactivity,” CANMET/ACI International Workshop on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Halifax, NS, Canada, 1990, 19 pp.

3. Bérubé, M.-A.; Chouinard, D.; Pigeon, M.; Frenette, J.; Rivest, M.; and Vézina, D., “Effectiveness of Sealers in Counteracting Alkali-Silica Reaction in Highway Median Barriers Exposed to Wetting and Drying, Freezing and Thawing, and Deicing Salt,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 29, No. 2, 2002, pp. 329-337. doi: 10.1139/l02-010

4. Bérubé, M.-A.; Chouinard, D.; Pigeon, M.; Frenette, J.; Boisvert, L.; and Rivest, M., “Effectiveness of Sealers in Counteracting Alkali-Silica Reaction in Plain and Air-Entrained Laboratory Concretes Exposed to Wetting and Drying, Freezing and Thawing, and Salt Water,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 29, No. 2, 2002, pp. 289-300. doi: 10.1139/l02-011

5. Rust, C., “Role of Relative Humidity in Concrete Expansion due to Alkali-Silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation: Relative Humidity Thresholds, Measurement Methods, and Coatings to Mitigate Expansion,” master’s thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 2009, 120 pp.

6. Drimalas, T.; Folliard, K. J.; Thomas, M. D. A.; Fournier, B.; and Bentivegna, A., “Study of the Effectiveness of Lithium and Silane Rreatments on Field Structures Affected by ASR,” Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (ICAAR), Austin, TX, 2012, 10 pp.

7. Thomas, M. D. A.; Folliard, K. J.; Fournier, B.; Drimalas, T.; and Rivard, P., “Study of Remedial Actions on Highway Structures Affected by ASR,” Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (ICAAR), Austin, TX, 2012, 10 pp.

8. Folliard, K. J.; Thomas, M. D. A.; Fournier, B.; Resendez, Y.; Drimalas, T.; and Bentivegna, A., “Evaluation of Mitigation Measures Applied to ASR-Affected Concrete Elements: Preliminary Findings from Austin, TX Exposure Site,” Proceeding of the 14th International Conference on Alkali Aggregate Reaction (ICAAR), Austin, TX, 2012, 10 pp.

9. Ideker, J. H.; Bentivegna, A. F.; Folliard, K. J.; and Juenger, M. C. G., “Do Current Laboratory Test Methods Accurately Predict Alkali-Silica Reactivity?” ACI Materials Journal, V. 109, No. 4, July-Aug. 2012, pp. 395-402.

10. ACI Committee 221, “Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity (ACI 221.1R-98),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1998, 31 pp.

11. Nilsson, L.-O., “Hygroscopic Moisture in Concrete—Drying, Measurements & Related Material Properties,” Division of Building Materials, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 1980, 162 pp.


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