Title:
Properties of Clay Soil and Soil Cement Reinforced with Polypropylene Fibers
Author(s):
A. R. Estabragh, S. Ranjbari, and A. A. Javadi
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
114
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
195-205
Keywords:
clay soil; compressive strength; reinforced soil; soil cement; tensile strength.
DOI:
10.14359/51689469
Date:
3/1/2017
Abstract:
Randomly reinforced cohesive soils can be used as construction material in many civil engineering projects. These materials may be subjected to compressive, tensile, or flexural stresses in their life. The presence of stabilizing agents or fibers may affect their resistance against various loads. In this work, a clay soil was reinforced randomly at four different lengths of fiber (10, 15, 20 and 25 mm [0.394, 0.591, 0.788, and 0.985 in.]) with fiber inclusions of 0.5 and 1%. Reinforced soil cement samples were also prepared with 8 and 10% cement and reinforced similar to the soil. Unconfined compressive and tensile strength tests were carried out on the prepared samples. The results show that the compressive strength is increased with fiber length up to approximately 10 mm (0.394 in.). When length of fiber is longer than 10 mm (0.394 in.), the compressive strength is still increased, but with a slow rate. The results for the reinforced soil cement samples indicate that, for a given fiber and cement content, increasing the length of fiber has no significant effect on the strength of the sample. The tensile strength of reinforced soil is increased by increasing the fiber inclusion and length of fiber. For the reinforced soil cement samples, the tensile strength is increased with increasing fiber content, length of fiber, percent of cement, and curing time.
Related References:
1. Bahar, R.; Benazzoug, M.; and Kenai, S., “Performance of Compacted Cement-Stabilised Soil,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 26, No. 7, 2004, pp. 811-820. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.01.003
2. Basha, E. A.; Hashim, R.; Mahmud, H. B.; and Muntohar, A. S., “Stabilization of Residual Soil with Rice Husk Ash and Cement,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 19, No. 6, 2005, pp. 448-453. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.08.001
3. Tang, C.; Shi, B.; Gao, W.; Chen, F.; and Cai, Y., “Strength and Mechanical Behavior of Short Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced and Cement Stabilized Clayey Soil,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 25, No. 3, 2007, pp. 194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.11.002
4. Maher, M. H., and Ho, Y. C., “Mechanical Properties of Kaolinite/Fiber Soil Composite,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, V. 120, No. 8, 1994, pp. 1381-1393. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:8(1381)
5. Consoli, N. C.; Casagrande, M. D. T.; and Coop, M. R., “Performance of a Fiber-Reinforced Sand at Large Shear Strains,” Geotechnique, V. 57, No. 9, 2007, pp. 751-756. doi: 10.1680/geot.2007.57.9.751
6. Yetimoglu, T.; Inanir, M.; and Inanir, O. E., “A Study on Bearing Capacity of Randomly Distributed Fiber Reinforced Sand Fills Overlying Soft Clay,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 23, No. 2, 2005, pp. 174-183. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.09.004
7. Ahmad, F.; Bateni, F.; and Azmi, M., “Performance Evaluation of Silty Sand Reinforced with Fibers,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 28, No. 1, 2010, pp. 93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.017
8. Tang, C. S.; Shi, B.; and Zhao, L. Z., “Interfacial Shear Strength of Fiber Reinforced Soil,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 28, No. 1, 2010, pp. 54-62. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.10.001
9. Plé, O., and Lê, T. N. H., “Effect of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforcement on the Mechanical Behavior of Silty Clay,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 32, 2012, pp. 111-116. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.11.004
10. Olgun, M., “Effects of Polypropylene Fiber Inclusion on the Strength and Volume Change Characteristics of Cement-Fly Ash Stabilized Clay Soil,” Geosynthetics International, V. 20, No. 4, 2013, pp. 263-275. doi: 10.1680/gein.13.00016
11. Li, C., and Zornberg, J., “Mobilization of Reinforcement in Fiber-Reinforced Soil,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 139, No. 1, 2013, pp. 107-115. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000745
12. Estabragh, A. R.; Soltannajad, K.; and Javadi, A. A., “Improving Piping Resistance Using Randomly Distributed Fibers,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 42, No. 1, 2014, pp. 15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.12.005
13. Estabragh, A. R.; Rafatjo, H.; and Javadi, A. A., “Treatment of an Expansive Soil by Mechanical and Chemical Techniques,” Geosynthetics International, V. 21, No. 3, 2014, pp. 233-243. doi: 10.1680/gein.14.00011
14. Andersland, O. B., and Khattak, A. S., “Shear Strength of Kaolinite/Fiber Soil Mixtures,” Proceedings of International Conference on Soil Reinforcement, Paris, France, 1977, pp. 11-16.
15. Plé, O.; Lê, H.; and Gotteland, P., “A Mechanical Approach for Fiber-Reinforced Clay in Landfill Caps Cover Application,” European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, V. 13, No. 1, 2009, pp. 53-69. doi: 10.1080/19648189.2009.9693085
16. Chauhan, M. S.; Mittal, S.; and Mohanty, B., “Performance Evaluation of Silty Sand Subgrade Reinforced with Fly Ash and Fiber,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 26, No. 5, 2008, pp. 429-435. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.001
17. Consoli, N. C.; Casagrande, M. D. T.; Prietto, P. M. D.; and Thome, A., “Plate Load Test on Fiber-Reinforced Soil,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 129, No. 10, 2003, pp. 951-955. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:10(951)
18. Khattak, M. J., and Alrashidi, M., “Durability and Mechanistic Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Soil cement Mixtures,” International Journal of Pavement Engineering, V. 7, No. 1, 2006, pp. 53-62. doi: 10.1080/10298430500489207
19. Park, S. S., “Effect of Fiber Reinforcedment and Distributions on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Cemented Sand,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 27, No. 2, 2009, pp. 162-166. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.09.001
20. Consoli, N. C.; Bassani, M. A. A.; and Festugato, L., “Effect of Fiber-Reinforcement on the Strength of Cemented Soils,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 28, No. 4, 2010, pp. 344-351. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.01.005
21. Consoli, N. C.; de Moraes, R. R.; and Festugato, L., “Split Tensile Strength of Monofilament Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Cemented Sandy Soils,” Geosynthetics International, V. 18, No. 2, 2011, pp. 57-62. doi: 10.1680/gein.2011.18.2.57
22. Hamidi, A., and Hooresfand, M., “Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on Triaxial Shear Behavior of Cement Treated Sand,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 36, 2013, pp. 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2012.10.005
23. Estabragh, A. R.; Namdar, P.; and Javadi, A. A., “Behavior of Cement-Stabilized Clay Reinforced with Nylon Fiber,” Geosynthetics International, V. 19, No. 1, 2012, pp. 85-92. doi: 10.1680/gein.2012.19.1.85
24. Kumar, A.; Walia, B. S.; and Bajaj, A., “Influence of Fly Ash, Lime and Polyester Fibers on Compacted and Strength Properties of Expansive Soil,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 19, No. 3, 2007, pp. 242-248. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:3(242)
25. Divya, P. V.; Viswanadham, B. V. S.; and Gourc, J. P., “Evaluation of Tensile Strength-Strain Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Soil through Laboratory Tests,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 26, No. 1, 2014, pp. 14-23. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000772
26. Onyejekwe, S., and Ghataora, G. S., “Effect of Fiber Inclusions on Flexural Strength of Soils Treated with Nontraditional Additives,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 26, No. 8, 2014, pp. 1-9. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000922
27. Viswanadham, B. V. S.; Phanikumar, B. R.; and Mukherjee, R. V., “Swelling Behavior of a Geofiber-Reinforced Expansive Soil,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, V. 27, No. 1, 2009, pp. 73-76. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.06.002
28. Consoli, N. C.; Montardo, J. P.; Prietto, P. D. M.; and Pasa, G. S., “Engineering Behavior of a Sand Reinforced with Plastic Waste,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 128, No. 6, 2002, pp. 462-472. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:6(462)
29. Tremblay, H.; Duchesne, J.; Locat, J.; and Leroueil, S., “‘Influence of the Nature of Organic Compounds on Fire Soil Stabilization with Cement,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, V. 39, No. 3, 2002, pp. 535-546. doi: 10.1139/t02-002
30. Estabragh, A. R.; Khatibi, M.; and Javadi, A. A., “Effect of Cement on Treatment of a Clay Soil Contaminated with Glycerol,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 28, No. 4, 2016, p. 0415157 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001443
31. Kaniraj, S. R., and Havanagi, V. G., “Behavior of Cement-Stabilized Fiber-Reinforced Fly Ash-Soil Mixtures,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 127, No. 7, 2001, pp. 574-584. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:7(574)
32. Estabragh, A. R.; Beytolahpour, I.; and Javadi, A. A., “Effect of Resin on Strength of Soil Cement Mixture,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 23, No. 7, 2011, pp. 969-976. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000252
33. Maher, M. H., and Gray, D. H., “Static Response of Sands Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Fibers,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, V. 116, No. 11, 1990, pp. 1661-1677. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1990)116:11(1661)
34. Ranjan, G.; Vasan, R. M.; and Charan, H. D., “Probablistic Analysis of Randomly Distributed Fiber-Reinforced Soil,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, V. 122, No. 6, 1996, pp. 419-426. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:6(419)
35. Zornberg, J. G., “Discrete Framework for Limit Equilibrium Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Soil,” Geotechnique, V. 52, No. 8, 2002, pp. 593-604. doi: 10.1680/geot.2002.52.8.593
36. Michalowski, R. L., and Cermák, J., “Triaxial Compression of Sand Reinforced with Fiber,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 129, No. 2, 2003, pp. 125-136. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:2(125)
37. Prabakar, J., and Sridhar, R. S., “Effect of Random Inclusion of Sisal Fiber on Strength Behavior of Soil,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 16, No. 2, 2002, pp. 123-131. doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00008-9
38. Croft, J. B., “The Influence of Soil Mineralogical Composition of Cement Stabilization,” Geotechnique, V. 17, No. 2, 1967, pp. 119-135. doi: 10.1680/geot.1967.17.2.119
39. Cai, Y.; Shi, B.; Ng, C. W. W.; and Tang, C., “Effect of Polypropylene Fiber and Lime Admixture on Engineering Properties of Clayey Soil,” Engineering Geology, V. 87, No. 3-4, 2006, pp. 230-240. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.07.007
40. Ziegler, S.; Leshchinsky, D.; Ling, H. I.; and Perry, E. B., “Effect of Short Polymeric Fibers on Crack Development in Clays,” Soil and Foundation, V. 38, No. 1, 1998, pp. 247-253. doi: 10.3208/sandf.38.247
41. Allan, M. L., and Kukacka, L. E., “Permeability of Microcracked Fiber-Reinforced Containment Barriers,” Waste Management (New York, N.Y.), V. 15, No. 2, 1995, pp. 171-177. doi: 10.1016/0956-053X(95)00011-N
42. Choquette, M.; Bérubé, M. A.; and Locat, J., “Mineralogical and Microtextural Changes Associated with Lime Stabilization of Marine Clays from Eastern Canada,” Applied Clay Science, V. 2, No. 3, 1987, pp. 215-232. doi: 10.1016/0169-1317(87)90032-9