Title:
Sulfate Resistance of Nanosilica and Microsilica Contained Mortars
Author(s):
Nader Ghafoori, Iani B. Batilov, and Meysam Najimi
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
113
Issue:
4
Appears on pages(s):
459-469
Keywords:
durability; microsilica; mineral admixture; nanosilica; sulfate attack
DOI:
10.14359/51688989
Date:
7/1/2016
Abstract:
Presented is a side-by-side comparison study intended to identify the effects of nanosilica (nS) on chemical sulfate attack resistance of portland cement (PC) mortars and its effectiveness in comparison to similar replacement levels of the more widely implemented microsilica (mS). Several mortar mixtures were prepared with a 4.1 and 7.2% tricalcium aluminate (C3A) PC by progressive cement replacement with nS or mS. The mortars tested were measured for expansion, compressive strength, and mass loss. Results indicated that nS replacement benefited the studied mortars. However, in the dry powder form and method of mixing used in this study, poor dispersion and agglomeration of the nS was suspected to hinder mortar permeability in comparison to mS and low-C3A cement mortars. Replacement with nS in aqueous dispersion, however, proved to be significantly more effective than equivalent replacement of dry powder nS and mS.
Related References:
1. Kosmatka, S. H., Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 13th edition, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 2002, 300 pp.
2. Skalny, J.; Marchand, J.; and Odler, I., Sulfate Attack on Concrete, Spon Press, London and New York, 2002, 232 pp.
3. Cohen, M. D., and Bentur, A., “Durability of Portland Cement-Silica Fume Pastes in Magnesium Sulfate and Sodium Sulfate Solutions,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 85, No. 3, May-June 1988, pp. 148-157.
4. Hewlett, P. C., Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Arnold, London, UK, 1998, 1092 pp.
5. Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. M., Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2006, 704 pp.
6. Mather, B., “Field and Laboratory Studies of the Sulfate Resistance of Concrete,” Miscellaneous Paper No. 6-922, U.S. Army Corps of Engineering, Vicksburg, MS, 1967, 25 pp.
7. ACI Committee 201, “Guide to Durable Concrete (ACI 201.2R-08),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2008, 49 pp.
8. Wee, T. H.; Suryavanshi, A. K.; Wong, S. F.; and Anisur Rahman, A. K. M., “Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Containing Mineral Admixtures,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 97, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2000, pp. 536-549.
9. Mehta, P. K., “Sulfate Attack on Concrete—A Critical Review,” Materials Science of Concrete, V. 3, 1993, pp. 105-130.
10. Khatri, R. P.; Sirivivatnanon, V.; and Yang, J. L., “Role of Permeability in Sulphate Attack,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 27, No. 8, 1997, pp. 1179-1189. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00119-1
11. Singh, L. P.; Karade, S. R.; Bhattacharyya, S. K.; Yousuf, M. M.; and Ahalawat, S., “Beneficial Role of Nanosilica in Cement Based Materials—A Review,” Construction & Building Materials, V. 47, Oct, 2013, pp. 1069-1077. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.052
12. Choolaei, M.; Rashidi, A. M.; Ardjmand, M.; Yadegari, A.; and Soltanian, H., “The Effect of Nanosilica on the Physical Properties of Oil Well Cement,” Materials Science and Engineering A, V. 538, 2012, pp. 288-294. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.045
13. Quercia, G., and Brouwers, H. J. H., “Application of Nano-silica (nS) in Concrete Mixtures,” 8th fib PhD Symposium, Lyngby, Denmark, 2010.
14. Tobón, J. I.; Payá, J.; and Restrepo, O. J., “Study of Durability of Portland Cement Mortars Blended with Silica Nanoparticles,” Construction & Building Materials, V. 80, Apr, 2015, pp. 92-97. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.074
15. Khanzadi, M.; Tadayon, M.; Sepheri, H.; and Sepheri, M., “Influence of Nano-Silica Particles on Mechanical Properties and Permeability of Concrete,” Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 2010, 7 pp.
16. Said, A. M.; Zeidan, M. S.; Bassuoni, M. T.; and Tian, Y., “Properties of Concrete Incorporating Nano-Silica,” Construction & Building Materials, V. 36, Nov. 2012, pp. 838-844. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.044
17. Sobolev, K., and Gutierrez, M. F., “How Nanotechnology Can Change the World,” American Ceramic Society Bulletin, V. 84, No. 11, Nov. 2005, pp. 16-19.
18. Winter, N. B., Understanding Cement, Rendlesham, WHD Microanalysis Consultant Ltd, Woodridge, UK, 2012.
19. ASTM C109/C109M-02, “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, 6 pp.
20. ASTM C33-03, “Standard Specifications for Concrete Aggregates,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, 11 pp.
21. ASTM C1437-01, “Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2001, 2 pp.
22. ASTM C230/C230M-03, “Standard Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, 7 pp.
23. ASTM C1012-04, “Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004, 6 pp.
24. ASTM C305-99, “Standard Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999, 3 pp.
25. ASTM C642-97, “Standard Testing Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids of Hardened Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997, 3 pp.
26. Campillo, I.; Dolade, J. S.; and Porro, A., “High-Performance Nanostructured Materials for Construction,” Nanotechnology in Construction, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 2004, pp. 215-225.
27. Holland, T. C., “FHWA-IF-05-016 Silica Fume User’s Manual,” Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2005.
28. Gao, R.; Li, Q.; Zhao, S.; and Yang, X., “Deterioration Mechanisms of Sulfate Attack on Concrete under Alternate Action,” Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, V. 25, No. 2, 2010, pp. 355-359. doi: 10.1007/s11595-010-2355-2
29. Mehta, P. K., “Evaluation of Sulfate-Resisting Cements by a New Test Method,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 72, No. 10, Oct. 1975, pp. 573-575.