Title:
Earthquake-Resistant Squat Walls Reinforced with High- Strength Steel
Author(s):
Min-Yuan Cheng, Shih-Ching Hung, Rémy D. Lequesne, and Andrés Lepage
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
113
Issue:
5
Appears on pages(s):
1065-1076
Keywords:
crack width; deformation capacity; displacement reversals; low-rise wall; shear strength
DOI:
10.14359/51688825
Date:
9/1/2016
Abstract:
Results are reported from reversed cyclic tests of five large-scale squat wall specimens reinforced with steel bars having a specified yield strength of either 60 or 115 ksi (413 or 792 MPa). Two specimens were designed for a shear stress of 5√fc′ psi (0.42√fc′ MPa) and the other three 9√fc′ psi (0.75√fc′ MPa). Boundary element confining reinforcement complied with the requirements of Chapter 18 of ACI 318-14 in all but one specimen, which had 50% of the required transverse boundary element reinforcement. Specimens constructed with Grade 115 steel had similar strength and exhibited 20% greater drift capacity than those with Grade 60 steel. Use of Grade 115 steel tended to control the softening effect of sliding at the base of the wall and to increase the component of drift due to reinforcement strain penetration into the foundation.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2014, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 519 pp.
Aoyama, H., 2001, Design of Modern Highrise Reinforced Concrete Structures, Imperial College Press, London, UK, 442 pp.
ASTM A370-14, 2014, “Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 50 pp.
Barda, F.; Hanson, J. M.; and Corley, W. G., 1977, “Shear Strength of Low-Rise Walls with Boundary Elements,” Reinforced Concrete in Seismic Zones, SP-53, N. M. Hawkins and D. Mitchell, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 149-202.
Gulec, C. K., and Whittaker, A. S., 2011, “Empirical Equations for Peak Shear Strength of Low Aspect Ratio Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 80-89.
Gulec, C. K.; Whittaker, A. S.; and Stojadinovic, B., 2008, “Shear Strength of Squat Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 488-497.
Moehle, J. P.; Ghodsi, T.; Hooper, J. D.; Fields, D. C.; and Gedhada, R., 2011, “Seismic Design of Cast-in-Place Concrete Special Structural Walls and Coupling Beams: A Guide for Practicing Engineers,” NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No. 6, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST GCR 11-917-11, 37 pp.
NIST GCR 14-917-30, 2014, “Use of High-Strength Reinforcement in Earthquake-Resistant Concrete Structures,” NEHRP Consultants Joint Venture, Gaithersburg, MD, 231 pp.
Park, H.-G.; Baek, J. W.; Lee, J.-H.; and Shin, H.-M., 2015, “Cyclic Loading Tests for Shear Strength of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Walls with Grade 550 MPa Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 112, No. 3, May-June, pp. 299-310. doi: 10.14359/51687406
Paulay, T.; Priestley, M. J. N.; and Synge, A. J., 1982, “Ductility in Earthquake Resisting Squat Shearwalls,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 79, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 257-269.
Wood, S. L., 1990, “Shear Strength of Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 87, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 99-107.