Title:
Strut Efficiency-Based Design for Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars
Author(s):
Khaled Mohamed, Ahmed Sabry Farghaly, and Brahim Benmokrane
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
113
Issue:
4
Appears on pages(s):
791-800
Keywords:
deep beams; efficiency factor; fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars; shear strength; strut-and-tie model (STM)
DOI:
10.14359/51688476
Date:
7/1/2016
Abstract:
In this paper, a strut-and-tie-based model is proposed to predict the shear strength of fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced (FRP) deep beams. An assessment of the available strut-and-tie models (STMs) in ACI and CSA provisions was conducted, identifying the important parameters affecting the strut efficiency factor. The tendency of each parameter (concrete compressive strength, shear span-depth ratio, and strain in longitudinal reinforcement) was assessed against the efficiency factor. The data from the 28 specimens with and without web reinforcement, including 12 tested FRP-reinforced concrete deep beams in our study and 16 FRP-reinforced deep beams taken from the literature, were used to assess the proposed model. The model was capable of capturing the failure mode and predicting the ultimate capacity of the tested FRP-reinforced deep beams. The proposed model was verified against a compilation of databases on 172 steel-reinforced deep beams, resulting in an acceptable level of adequacy.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2011, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-11),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 503 pp.
ACI Committee 440, 2006, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-06),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 44 pp.
Aguilar, G.; Matamoros, A. B.; Parra-Montesinos, G. J.; Ramirez, J. A.; and Wight, J. K., 2002, “Experimental Evaluation of Design Procedures for Shear Strength of Deep Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 99, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 539-548.
Alcocer, S. M., and Uribe, C. M., 2008, “Monolithic and Cyclic Behavior of Deep Beams Designed Using Strut-and-Tie Models,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 3, May-June, pp. 327-337.
Andermatt, M. F., and Lubell A. S., 2013a, “Behavior of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Internal Fiber-Reinforced Polymer—Experimental Study,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 585-594.
Andermatt, M. F., and Lubell A. S., 2013b, “Strength Modeling of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Internal Fiber-Reinforced Polymer,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 595-605.
Birrcher, D. B.; Tuchscherer, R. G.; Huizinga, M.; and Bayrak, O., 2014, “Depth Effect in Deep Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 731-740. doi: 10.14359/51687002
Brown, M. D., and Bayrak, O., 2006, “Minimum Transverse Reinforcement for Bottle-Shaped Struts,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 813-821.
Brown, M. D., and Bayrak, O., 2008, “Design of Deep Beams Using Strut-and-Tie Models—Part II: Design Recommendations,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 405-413.
Clark, A. P., 1951, “Diagonal Tension in Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 48, No. 10, Oct., pp. 145-156.
Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D., 1997, “Prestressed Concrete Structures,” Response Publications, Canada, 766 pp.
CSA A23.3-14, 2014, “Design of Concrete Structures,” Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, ON, Canada, 295 pp.
CSA S806-12, 2012, “Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers,” Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, ON, Canada, 208 pp.
Farghaly, A. S., and Benmokrane, B., 2013, “Shear Behavior of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams without Web Reinforcement,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 17, No. 6, pp. 04013015.1-10.
Foster, S. J., and Gilbert, R. I., 1998, “Experimental Studies on High-Strength Concrete Deep Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 95, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 382-390.
Hong, S.-G., and Ha, T., 2012, “Effective Capacity of Diagonal Strut for Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 139-148.
Kani, M. W.; Huggins, M. W.; Kani, G.; and Wittkopp, R. R., 1979, Kani on Shear in Reinforced Concrete, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, Canada, 225 pp.
MacGregor, J. G., 1997, Reinforced Concrete, Mechanics and Design, third edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 939 pp.
Mihaylov, B. I.; Bentz, E. C.; and Collins, M. P., 2010, “Behavior of Large Deep Beams Subjected to Monotonic and Reversed Cyclic Shear,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 107, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 726-734.
Oh, J.-K., and Shin, S.-W., 2001, “Shear Strength of Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Deep Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 164-173.
Popovics, S., 1973, “A Numerical Approach to the Complete Stress-Strain Curve of Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 3, No. 5, pp. 583-599. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(73)90096-3
Reineck, K.-H., and Todisco, L., 2014, “Database of Shear Tests for Non-Slender Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1363-1372. doi: 10.14359/51686820
Schlaich, J.; Schäfer, K.; and Jennewein, M., 1987, “Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete,” PCI Journal, V. 32, No. 3, May-June, pp. 74-150.
Tuchscherer, R.; Birrcher, D.; Huizinga, M.; and Bayrak, O., 2011, “Distribution of Stirrups across Web of Deep Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 108-115.
Tuchscherer, R. G.; Birrcher, D. B.; Williams, C. S.; Deschenes, D. J.; and Bayrak, O., 2014, “Evaluation of Existing Strut-and-Tie Methods and Recommended Improvements,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1451-1460. doi: 10.14359/516869926
Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., 1986, “The Modified Compression-Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 83, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 219-231.
Zhang, N., and Tan, K.-H., 2007, “Size Effect in RC Deep Beams: Experimental Investigation and STM Verification,” Journal of Engineering Structures, V. 29, No. 12, pp. 3241-3254. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.005