Title:
Tension Development Length of Large-Diameter Bars for Severe Cyclic Loading
Author(s):
Juan Murcia-Delso, Andreas Stavridis, and P. Benson Shing
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
112
Issue:
6
Appears on pages(s):
689-700
Keywords:
bond slip; cyclic loading; development length; finite element analysis; large-diameter bars; pull-push tests; reinforced concrete; reinforcing bars; reliability
DOI:
10.14359/51687937
Date:
11/1/2015
Abstract:
This paper presents a study on the tension development length of large-diameter reinforcing bars embedded in well-confined concrete. Pull-push tests were conducted on No. 14 and 18 (43 and 57 mm) bars to evaluate whether the development length requirements in the AASHTO LRFD Specifications are adequate for large-diameter bars subjected to severe cyclic loading. The data have been used to validate finite element models, which have been subsequently employed in a parametric study to establish a formula to determine the tensile capacity of a bar as a function of the embedment length, and the concrete and steel strengths. Monte Carlo simulations conducted with this formula have shown that the AASHTO requirements are adequate to develop the yield strength of a bar in tension, but they do not have the desired reliability to develop its ultimate tensile strength when uncertainties are considered. Hence, an improved development length requirement is proposed.
Related References:
1. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 408, “Bond and Development of Straight Reinforcing Bars in Tension (ACI 408R-03),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2003, 49 pp.
2. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 503 pp.
3. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), “LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,” Washington, DC, 2012.
4. Ichinose, T.; Kanayama, Y.; Inoue, Y.; and Bolander, J. E. Jr., “Size Effect on Bond Strength of Deformed Bars,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 18, No. 7, 2004, pp. 549-558. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.03.014
5. Plizzari, G., and Metelli, G., “Experimental Study on the Bond Behavior of Large Bars,” Technical Report, University of Brescia, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Brescia, Italy, 2009.
6. Murcia-Delso, J.; Stavridis, A.; and Shing, P. B., “Bond Strength and Cyclic Bond Deterioration of Large-Diameter Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 4, July-Aug. 2013, pp. 659-669.
7. Steuck, K. P.; Eberhard, M. O.; and Stanton, J. F., “Anchorage of Large-Diameter Reinforcing Bars in Ducts,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 106, No. 4, July-Aug. 2009, pp. 506-513.
8. Shima, H.; Chou, L.; and Okamura, H., “Bond Characteristics in Post-Yield Range of Deformed Bars,” Proceedings of JSCE, V. 6, No. 387, Feb. 1987, pp. 113-124.
9. Viwathanatepa, S.; Popov, E. P.; and Bertero, V. V., “Effects of Generalized Loadings on Bond of Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Confined Concrete Blocks,” Report No. UCB/EERC-79/22, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 1979.
10. Eligehausen, R.; Popov, E. P.; and Bertero, V. V., “Local Bond Stress-Slip Relationships of Deformed Bars under Generalized Excitations,” UCB/EERC-83/23, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 1983.
11. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, second edition, Washington, DC, 2011.
12. Murcia-Delso, J.; Shing. P. B.; Stavridis, A.; and Liu, Y., “Required Embedment Length of Column Reinforcement Extended into Type II Shafts,” Report No. SSRP-13/05, Structural Systems Research Project, University of California, San Diego, Department of Structural Engineering, La Jolla, CA, 2013.
13. Murcia-Delso, J., and Shing. P. B., “Bond-Slip Model for Detailed Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 141, No. 4, 2015.
14. ASTM A706/A706M-09b, “Standard Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2009, 6 pp.
15. Simulia, ABAQUS V. 6.10, Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp., Providence, RI, 2010.
16. Lubliner, J.; Oliver, J.; Oller, S.; and Oñate, E., “A Plastic-Damage Model for Concrete,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, V. 25, No. 3, 1989, pp. 229-326. doi: 10.1016/0020-7683(89)90050-4
17. Lee, J., and Fenves, G. L., “Plastic-Damage Model for Cyclic Loading of Concrete Structures,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, V. 124, No. 8, 1998, pp. 892-900. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1998)124:8(892)
18. Unanwa, C., and Mahan, M., “Statistical Analysis of Concrete Compressive Strengths for California Highway Bridges,” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, V. 28, 2012, pp. 157-167.
19. Nowak, A. S., and Szerszen, M. M., “Calibration of Design Code for Buildings (ACI 318): Part 1—Statistical Models for Resistance,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 3, May-June 2003, pp. 377-382.
20. Darwin, D.; Idun, E. K.; Zuo, J.; and Tholen, M. L., “Reliability-Based Strength Reduction Factor for Bond,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 95, No. 4, July-Aug. 1998, pp. 434-442.
21. Liu, P.; Lin, H.; and Der Kiureghian, A., “CALREL User Manual,” UCB/SEEM-89/18, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Civil Engineering, Berkeley, CA, 1989.
22. Ellingwood, B.; Galambos, T. V.; MacGregor, J. G.; and Cornell, C. A., “Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58,” National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 577, Washington, DC, 1980.