A Global Integrity Parameter with Acoustic Emission for Load Testing of Prestressed Concrete Girders

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Title: A Global Integrity Parameter with Acoustic Emission for Load Testing of Prestressed Concrete Girders

Author(s): Francisco A. Barrios and Paul H. Ziehl

Publication: Structural Journal

Volume: 112

Issue: 1

Appears on pages(s): 3-12

Keywords: girder; prestress; structural load test

DOI: 10.14359/51687294

Date: 1/1/2015

Abstract:
Structural evaluation of existing infrastructure has become a critical subject in civil engineering. In recent years, significant efforts have been placed on developing nondestructive techniques such as acoustic emission monitoring that can effectively assess the integrity of a structure without causing significant damage. However, acoustic emission methods face challenges regarding the subjectivity of associated performance evaluation criteria and a lack of measurable parameters directly related to the mechanical response of the system. It has been previously suggested that an integrated approach of the cyclic load testing method with acoustic emission techniques may overcome these difficulties and constitute a more effective, nondestructive load testing methodology. The current investigation analyzes experimental data gathered from flexural testing of six full-scale prestressed girder specimens (lightweight and normalweight) and presents a potential approach for damage detection and assessment within the minor to intermediate damage zones based on acoustic emission data.

Related References:

ACI Committee 318, 2011, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 503 pp.

ACI Committee 437, 2007, “Load Tests of Concrete Structures: Methods, Magnitude, Protocols, and Acceptance Criteria (ACI 437.1R-07),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 38 pp.

ACI Committee 437, 2012, “Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures and Commentary (ACI 437-12) (ACI Provisional Standard),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 34 pp.

ASTM E1316-13d, 2013, “Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 38 pp.

Barrios, F., 2010, “Acoustic Emission Techniques and Cyclic Load Testing for Integrity Evaluation of Self-Consolidating Normal and Lightweight Prestressed Concrete Girders,” PhD dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.

Barrios, F., and Ziehl, P., 2011, “Effect of Loading Pattern on the Acoustic Emission Evaluation of Prestressed Concrete Girders,” Journal of Acoustic Emission, V. 29, pp. 42-56.

Barrios, F., and Ziehl, P., 2012, “Cyclic Load Testing for Integrity Evaluation of Prestressed Concrete Girders,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 109, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 615-623.

Colombo, S.; Forde, M.; Main, I.; and Shigeishi, M., 2005, “Predicting the Ultimate Bending Capacity of Concrete Beams from the ‘Relaxation Ratio’ Analysis of AE Signals,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 19, No. 10, pp. 746-754. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.004

Galati, N.; Nanni, A.; Tumialan, J. G.; and Ziehl, P. H., 2008, “In-Situ Evaluation of Two Concrete Slab Systems. I: Load Determination and Loading Procedure,” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, V. 22, No. 4, pp. 207-216. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2008)22:4(207)

JSNDI, 2000, “Recommended Practice for In Situ Monitoring of Concrete Structures by Acoustic Emission,” NDIS 2421, Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection, Tokyo, Japan, 6 pp.

Liu, Z., and Ziehl, P., 2009, “Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Beam Specimens with Acoustic Emission and Cyclic Load Test Methods,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 106, No. 3, May-June, pp. 288-299.

Ohtsu, M.; Uchida, M.; Okamoto, T.; and Yuyama, S., 2002, “Damage Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Beams Qualified by Acoustic Emission,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 99, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 411-417.

Ridge, A., and Ziehl, P., 2006, “Nondestructive Evaluation of Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams: Cyclic Load Test and Acoustic Emission Methods,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 832-841.

Xu, J., 2008, “Nondestructive Evaluation of Prestressed Concrete Structures by Means of Acoustic Emission Monitoring,” PhD dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Auburn, Auburn, AL.

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Ziehl, P.; Galati, N.; Nanni, A.; and Tumialan, J., 2008, “In Situ Evaluation of Two Concrete Slab Systems. II: Evaluation Criteria and Outcomes,” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE, V. 22, No. 4, pp. 217-227. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2008)22:4(217)

Ziehl, P. H.; Engelhardt, M.; Fowler, T. J.; Ulloa, F. V.; Medlock, R. D.; and Schell, E., 2009a, “Design and Field Evaluation of a Hybrid FRP/Reinforced Concrete Bridge Superstructure System,” Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, V. 14, No. 5, pp. 309-318. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000002

Ziehl, P.; Rizos, D.; Caicedo, J.; Barrios, F.; Howard, R.; and Colmorgan, A., 2009b, “Investigation of the Performance and Benefits of Lightweight SCC Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders and SCC Materials,” Final Report submitted to the South Carolina Department of Transportation, 182 pp.

Ziehl, P.; Rizos, D.; Caicedo, J.; Colmorgan, A.; Howard, R.; and Barrios, F., 2010, “Investigation of the Performance and Benefits of Self-Consolidating Concrete for Prestressed Bridge Girders,” Final Report submitted to the South Carolina Department of Transportation, 212 pp.


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