Title:
Forces in Cylindrical Grain Silos Caused by Decreasing Ambient Temperature
Author(s):
El Houssine Bartali and Frank J. Hatfield
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
87
Issue:
1
Appears on pages(s):
108-116
Keywords:
bins; granular materials; membrane theory (shells); pressure; reinforced concrete; silos; structural analysis; temperature; thermal gradient; thermal stress; El Houssine Bartali and Frank J. Hatfield
DOI:
10.14359/3181
Date:
1/1/1990
Abstract:
ACI Committee 313 requires that "Silos shall be designed to resist thermal stresses due to temperature differences between stored material and outside air." This paper presents a formulation for calculating the incremental grain pressure and silo wall forces and moments caused by a drop in outside temperature. The effects of uniformly decreased temperature across the wall thickness and of temperature gradient are considered. The formulation utilizes a constitutive relation for wheat based on results of triaxial tests conducted by Manbeck and Nelson. Other constitutive relations may be substituted. Sample analyses demonstrate that grain stiffness has little effect either on forces and moments near the restrained edge of a silo or on forces and moments caused by a temperature gradient through the wall. The results of the sample analysis for a uniform temperature distribution validate the use of Andersen's formula for computing incremental grain pressure and circumferential normal wall force, except near a restrained edge.