Title:
Forces of Hydration That Can Cause Havoc in Concrete
Author(s):
Bernard Erlin and Dipayan Jana
Publication:
Concrete International
Volume:
25
Issue:
11
Appears on pages(s):
51-57
Keywords:
DOI:
Date:
11/1/2003
Abstract:
Natural forces that deteriorate concrete are caused by volume changes resulting from the hydration of water-soluble salts and relatively insoluble anhydrous compounds. The forces are the result of in-place solid volume changes that cause the final solid product volume to occupy more space than the original solid volume of the reactants. Mechanisms that create the forces of deterioration are described and discussed, along with examples of distress caused by each phenomenon and instances where these forces have been harnessed for useful purposes.