Title:
Controlled Low-Strength Materials Containing Mixtures of Coal Ash and New Pozzolanic Material
Author(s):
Tarun R. Naik, Rudolph N. Kraus, and Rafat Siddique
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
100
Issue:
3
Appears on pages(s):
208-215
Keywords:
backfill; controlled low-strength materials; pozzolan
DOI:
10.14359/12621
Date:
5/1/2003
Abstract:
A significant amount of ash is generated from burning wood with supplementary fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, and coke by pulp and paper mills and wood products manufacturers. Thus, the ash generated from such facilities is a mixture of wood ash and other ashes generated from the aforementioned supplemental fuels. In this investigation, such wood ash is referred to as a combined-fuel ash (CFA). This investigation was carried out to develop controlled low-strength material (CLSM) mixtures using various sources of CFAs. Three different series of CLSM mixtures were manufactured using five sources of CFAs. Each series of CLSM mixtures was designed for a different long-term compressive strength: < 0.7 MPa (<100 psi), 0.7 to 3.4 MPa (100 to 500 psi), and 3.4 to 8.3 MPa (500 to 1200 psi). All CLSM mixtures were tested for flow, bleedwater, settlement, shrinkage and cracking, setting characteristics, density, compressive strength, and permeability. The results revealed that CLSM, meeting ACI 229R requirements, can be manufactured using substantial amounts of CFAs.