Title:
The Effect of Portland Cement Type on Performance
Author(s):
Min-Hong Zhang; Theodore W. Bremner; and V. Mohan Malhotra
Publication:
Concrete International
Volume:
25
Issue:
1
Appears on pages(s):
87-94
Keywords:
DOI:
Date:
1/1/2003
Abstract:
This article presents the results of the effect of cement type on the long-term performance of concrete in marine environment subject to the attack of sea water, cycles of wetting-drying, and freezing- thawing for up to 20 years. The results of the study indicate that unreinforced concrete made with ASTM Type I normal portland cement with C3A and SO3 contents in the range of 8.5 to 11.8% and 3.9 to 4.6%, respectively, performed satisfactorily when exposed in seawater at mid-tide level. The performance of the concrete made with Type I cement is at least equal to or better than that of concrete made with ASTM Types II and V cements with C3A and SO3 contents in the ranges of 2.0 to 5.0% and 1.9 to 3.0%, respectively. If significant surface deterioration is to be avoided, the concrete should have a minimum cement content of 300 kg/m3 and a water-to-cement ratio of 0.50 or less.