Title:
Strength Development and Neutralization Progress in High-Performance Blended Cement Concrete Exposed to Atmospheric, Tidal, and Submerged Sea Conditions
Author(s):
Hyeong-Ki Kim, Jong-Suk Lee, Hyeon-Woo Lee and Seung-Jun Kwon
Publication:
IJCSM
Volume:
19
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
Keywords:
High-performance concrete, Exposure condition, Seawater, Neutralization, Strength development, Code
DOI:
10.1186/s40069-025-00788-y
Date:
9/30/2025
Abstract:
This study investigates the strength development and neutralization depth of high-performance concrete exposed to marine conditions for 7 years on the East coast of South Korea. Blended cements, common in coastal structures, were used. OPC and slag cement showed advantages in strength development, while high-volume fly ash concrete exhibited a disadvantage, especially in external exposure conditions. Despite exposure differences, all mixtures demonstrated a substantial strength increase at 7 years compared to the 28-day period. Models, initially validated for normal-strength concrete, proved effective in predicting long-term behavior. Neutralization depth remained consistent across exposure conditions, with slag cement showing resilience, while fly ash increased depth. Considerations for marine concrete design and construction are discussed.