Title:
Interfacial Evolution between Graphene and Cementitious Composites
Author(s):
Zhenyu Zhang, Yao Yao, Hu Liu, Dong Zhang, and Yan Zhuge
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
121
Issue:
1
Appears on pages(s):
31-40
Keywords:
cementitious materials; elevated temperature; graphene; interface evolution; thermal detriment
DOI:
10.14359/51739199
Date:
1/1/2024
Abstract:
Carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene oxide sheetreinforced
cementitious composites have attracted extensive
interest owing to their improved post-fire mechanical properties.
However, the role of graphene in anti-thermal detriment is still
unclear. In the current study, the mechanical characteristics, pore
structure, and interface evolution of graphene-toughened cementbased
materials under high temperatures are investigated. Scanning
electron microscope analysis showed that graphene implanted
in the cement matrix had out-of-plane deformation at elevated
temperature. The deformation caused the evolution of the interface
between graphene and the cement-based material with respect to
temperature. Correspondingly, the toughening effect of graphene
on cement-based materials decreased first and then increased. The
reinforced domain of graphene switched from mesopores to capillary
pores when the temperature was beyond 400°C, contributing
to the enhanced reinforcement efficiency of the cement mortar.
The interfacial evolution process with an in-depth analysis based
on multiple scales would benefit from optimizing the design of
graphene composites at high temperatures.
Related References:
1. Zhao, L.; Guo, X.; Song, L.; Song, Y.; Dai, G.; and Liu, J., “An Intensive Review on the Role of Graphene Oxide in Cement-Based Materials,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 241, Apr. 2020, Article No. 117939. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117939
2. Lin, Y., and Du, H., “Graphene Reinforced Cement Composites: A Review,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 265, Dec. 2020, Article No. 120312. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120312
3. Mohan, V. B.; Lau, K.-T.; Hui, D.; and Bhattacharyya, D., “Graphene-Based Materials and Their Composites: A Review on Production, Applications and Product Limitations,” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 142, June 2018, pp. 200-220. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.013
4. Krystek, M.; Ciesielski, A.; and Samorì, P., “Graphene‐Based Cementitious Composites: Toward Next‐Generation Construction Technologies,” Advanced Functional Materials, V. 31, No. 27, July 2021, Article No. 2101887. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202101887
5. Yao, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, H.; Zhuge, Y.; and Zhang, D., “A New In-Situ Growth Strategy to Achieve High Performance Graphene-Based Cement Material,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 335, June 2022, Article No. 127451. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127451
6. Lu, D.; Ma, L.-P.; Zhong, J.; Tong, J.; Liu, Z.; Ren, W.; and Cheng, H.-M., “Growing Nanocrystalline Graphene on Aggregates for Conductive and Strong Smart Cement Composites,” ACS Nano, V. 17, No. 4, Feb. 2023, pp. 3587-3597. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10141
7. Lu, D.; Huo, Y.; Jiang, Z.; and Zhong, J., “Carbon Nanotube Polymer Nanocomposites Coated Aggregate Enabled Highly Conductive Concrete for Structural Health Monitoring,” Carbon, V. 206, Mar. 2023, pp. 340-350. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.02.043
8. Zhu, Y.; Murali, S.; Cai, W.; Li, X.; Suk, J. W.; Potts, J. R.; and Ruoff, R. S., “Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications,” Advanced Materials, V. 22, No. 35, Sept. 2010, pp. 3906-3924. doi: 10.1002/adma.201001068
9. Geim, A. K., “Graphene: Status and Prospects,” Science, V. 324, No. 5934, June 2009, pp. 1530-1534. doi: 10.1126/science.1158877
10. Kinloch, I. A.; Suhr, J.; Lou, J.; Young, R. J.; and Ajayan, P. M., “Composites with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: An Outlook,” Science, V. 362, No. 6414, Nov. 2018, pp. 547-553. doi: 10.1126/science.aat7439
11. Lin, C.; Wei, W.; and Hu, Y. H., “Catalytic Behavior of Graphene Oxide for Cement Hydration Process,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, V. 89, Feb. 2016, pp. 128-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2015.11.002
12. Zhao, L.; Guo, X.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, L.; Shu, X.; and Liu, J., “Hydration Kinetics, Pore Structure, 3D Network Calcium Silicate Hydrate, and Mechanical Behavior of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Cement Composites,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 190, Nov. 2018, pp. 150-163.
13. Nasibulin, A. G.; Koltsova, T.; Nasibulina, L. I.; Anoshkin, I. V.; Semencha, A.; Tolochko, O. V.; and Kauppinen, E. I., “A Novel Approach to Composite Preparation by Direct Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterial on Matrix or Filler Particles,” Acta Materialia, V. 61, No. 6, Apr. 2013, pp. 1862-1871. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.12.007
14. Lin, J.; Shamsaei, E.; de Souza, F. B.; Sagoe-Crentsil, K.; and Duan, W. H., “Dispersion of Graphene Oxide–Silica Nanohybrids in Alkaline Environment for Improving Ordinary Portland Cement Composites,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 106, Feb. 2020, Article No. 103488.
15. Shang, Y.; Zhang, D.; Yang, C.; Liu, Y.; and Liu, Y., “Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Rheological Properties of Cement Pastes,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 96, Oct. 2015, pp. 20-28. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.181
16. Long, W.-J.; Wei, J.-J.; Xing, F.; and Khayat, K. H., “Enhanced Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste Modified with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Its Reinforcing Mechanism,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 93, Oct. 2018, pp. 127-139. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.07.001
17. Saafi, M.; Tang, L.; Fung, J.; Rahman, M.; and Liggat, J., “Enhanced Properties of Graphene/Fly Ash Geopolymeric Composite Cement,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 67, Jan. 2015, pp. 292-299. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.08.011
18. Shamsaei, E.; de Souza, F. B.; Yao, X.; Benhelal, E.; Akbari, A.; and Duan, W., “Graphene-Based Nanosheets for Stronger and More Durable Concrete: A Review,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 183, Sept. 2018, pp. 642-660.
19. Li, G.; Yuan, J. B.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, N.; and Liew, K. M., “Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of Graphene Reinforced Cementitious Composites,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, V. 114, Nov. 2018, pp. 188-195.
20. Qureshi, T. S., and Panesar, D. K., “Nano Reinforced Cement Paste Composite with Functionalized Graphene and Pristine Graphene Nanoplatelets,” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 197, Sept. 2020, Article No. 108063. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108063
21. Mohammed, A.; Sanjayan, J. G.; Nazari, A.; and Al-Saadi, N. T. K., “Effects of Graphene Oxide in Enhancing the Performance of Concrete Exposed to High-Temperature,” Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 15, No. 1, 2017, pp. 61-71. doi: 10.1080/14488353.2017.1372849
22. Chu, H.-Y.; Jiang, J.-Y.; Sun, W.; and Zhang, M., “Effects of Graphene Sulfonate Nanosheets on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Sacrificial Concrete during High Temperature Exposure,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 82, Sept. 2017, pp. 252-264. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.06.007
23. Jing, G.; Ye, Z.; Wu, J.; Wang, S.; Cheng, X.; Strokova, V.; and Nelyubova, V., “Introducing Reduced Graphene Oxide to Enhance the Thermal Properties of Cement Composites,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 109, May 2020, Article No. 103559. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103559
24. Lu, L.; Zhang, Y.; and Yin, B., “Structure Evolution of the Interface between Graphene Oxide-Reinforced Calcium Silicate Hydrate Gel Particles Exposed to High Temperature,” Computational Materials Science, V. 173, Feb. 2020, Article No. 109440. doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2019.109440
25. Li, G., and Zhang, L. W., “Microstructure and Phase Transformation of Graphene-Cement Composites under High Temperature,” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 166, June 2019, pp. 86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.11.127
26. Gao, W., and Huang, R., “Thermomechanics of Monolayer Graphene: Rippling, Thermal Expansion and Elasticity,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, V. 66, May 2014, pp. 42-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2014.01.011
27. Bao, W.; Miao, F.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, H.; Jang, W.; Dames, C.; and Lau, C. N., “Controlled Ripple Texturing of Suspended Graphene and Ultrathin Graphite Membranes,” Nature Nanotechnology, V. 4, No. 9, Sept. 2009, pp. 562-566. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2009.191
28. Zhang, D.; Dasari, A.; and Tan, K. H., “On the Mechanism of Prevention of Explosive Spalling in Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Polymer Fibers,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 113, Nov. 2018, pp. 169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.08.012
29. Zhang, D.; Tan, K. H.; Dasari, A.; and Weng, Y., “Effect of Natural Fibers on Thermal Spalling Resistance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 109, May 2020, Article No. 103512. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103512
30. Zhang, Q.; Ye, G.; and Koenders, E., “Investigation of the Structure of Heated Portland Cement Paste by Using Various Techniques,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 38, Jan. 2013, pp. 1040-1050. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.071
31. GB 175-2007, “Common Portland Cement,” General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China, 2007.
32. Lu, Z.; Hanif, A.; Sun, G.; Liang, R.; Parthasarathy, P.; and Li, Z., “Highly Dispersed Graphene Oxide Electrodeposited Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement-Based Materials with Enhanced Mechanical Properties,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 87, Mar. 2018, pp. 220-228. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.01.006
33. Sikora, P.; Abd Elrahman, M.; Chung, S.-Y.; Cendrowski, K.; Mijowska, E.; and Stephan, D., “Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Cement Pastes Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube-Silica Core-Shell Structures, Exposed to Elevated Temperature,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 95, Jan. 2019, pp. 193-204.
34. Handoo, S. K.; Agarwal, S.; and Agarwal, S. K., “Physicochemical, Mineralogical, and Morphological Characteristics of Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 32, No. 7, July 2002, pp. 1009-1018. doi: 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00736-0
35. Kim, K. Y.; Yun, T. S.; and Park, K. P., “Evaluation of Pore Structures and Cracking in Cement Paste Exposed to Elevated Temperatures by X-Ray Computed Tomography,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 50, Aug. 2013, pp. 34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.020
36. Jia, Z.; Chen, C.; Shi, J.; Zhang, Y.; Sun, Z.; and Zhang, P., “The Microstructural Change of C-S-H at Elevated Temperature in Portland Cement/GGBFS Blended System,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 123, Sept. 2019, Article No. 105773. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.05.018
37. Alonso, C., and Fernandez, L., “Dehydration and Rehydration Processes of Cement Paste Exposed to High Temperature Environments,” Journal of Materials Science, V. 39, No. 9, May 2004, pp. 3015-3024. doi: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000025827.65956.18