Title:
Flexural Behavior and Serviceability Performance of Lightweight Self-Consolidating Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars
Author(s):
Shehab Mehany, Hamdy M. Mohamed, and Brahim Benmokrane
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
120
Issue:
3
Appears on pages(s):
47-60
Keywords:
basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars; bond-dependent coefficient; deflection and crack width; deformability; design codes; experimental and analytical investigation; flexural behavior; lightweight selfconsolidating concrete (LWSCC) beams; strength
DOI:
10.14359/51738502
Date:
5/1/2023
Abstract:
This study investigates the flexural behavior and serviceabilityperformance of lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) beams reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. Eleven reinforced concrete beam specimens with a crosssectional width and height of 200 mm (7.87 in.) and 300 mm (11.81 in.), respectively, and with a total length of 3100 mm (122.05 in.) were tested under a four-point bending load up to failure. Nine specimens were made with LWSCC, while the other two were made with normalweight concrete (NWC) as reference specimens. The test parameters were concrete density (LWSCC and NWC), reinforcement type (sand-coated BFRP, helically grooved BFRP, thread-wrapped BFRP, or steel), and longitudinal BFRP reinforcement ratio. The test results indicate that the LWSCC yielded lower beam self-weight (density of 1800 kg/m3 [112.4 lb/ft3]) than the NWC. Increasing the BFRP reinforcement ratio increased the normalized moment capacity of the LWSCC specimens. Thetest results were compared from the standpoint of the cracking and ultimate moment, deflection, and crack-width design provided in the available design standards for FRP-reinforced elements. The comparison indicates that the experimental moment capacities of the LWSCC and NWC beams were in good agreement with the predictions based on design standards with an average accuracy of 90%. The crack width of the LWSCC beams was affected by the surface configuration of the BFRP bars, while the deflection was not significantly affected by the concrete density. The Canadian design code yielded accurate predictions with a bond-dependent coefficient of 0.8 and 1.0 for the sand-coated and helically grooved BFRP bars, respectively, in the LWSCC.
Related References:
AASHTO, 2018, “AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Guide Specifications for GFRP–Reinforced Concrete,” second edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
Abed, F.; Al-Mimar, M.; and Ahmed, S., 2021, “Performance of BFRP RC Beams Using High Strength Concrete,” Composites Part C: Open Access, V. 4, Mar., Article No. 100107. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2021.100107
ACI Committee 318, 2019, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) (Reapproved 2022),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 624 pp.
ACI Committee 440, 2006, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-06),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 44 pp.
ACI Committee 440, 2015, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars (ACI 440.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 88 pp.
ASTM C39/C39M-18, 2018, “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 8 pp.
ASTM C330/C330M-17a, 2017, “Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 4 pp.
ASTM C496/C496M-11, 2011, “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 5 pp.
ASTM C567/C567M-14, 2014, “Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 4 pp.
ASTM D7205/D7205M-06(2011), 2011, “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 13 pp.
Bischoff, P. H., and Gross, S. P., 2011, “Equivalent Moment of Inertia Based on Integration of Curvature,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 15, No. 3, June, pp. 263-273. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000164
Bischoff, P. H.; Gross, S.; and Ospina, C. E., 2009, “The Story Behind Proposed Changes to ACI 440 Deflection Requirements for FRP-Reinforced Concrete,” Serviceability of Concrete Members Reinforced with Internal/External FRP Reinforcement, SP-264, C. Ospina, P. Bischoff, and T. Alkhrdaji, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 53-76.
CSA S6:19, 2019, “Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada, 1182 pp.
CSA S806-12, 2012, “Design and Construction of Building Structures with Fibre-Reinforced Polymers,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada, 201 pp.
CSA S807:19, 2019, “Specification for Fibre-Reinforced Polymers,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada, 67 pp.
El-Nemr, A.; Ahmed, E. A.; and Benmokrane, B., 2013, “Flexural Behavior and Serviceability of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1077-1088.
Elgabbas, F.; Ahmed, E. A.; and Benmokrane, B., 2017, “Flexural Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Ribbed Basalt-FRP Bars under Static Loads,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 21, No. 3, June, p. 04016098. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000752
Elgabbas, F.; Vincent, P.; Ahmed, E. A.; and Benmokrane, B., 2016, “Experimental Testing of Basalt-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars in Concrete Beams,” Composites Part B: Engineering, V. 91, Apr., pp. 205-218. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.045
Liu, X.; Sun, Y.; Wu, T.; and Liu, Y., 2020, “Flexural Cracks in Steel Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars,” Composite Structures, V. 253, Dec., Article No. 112752. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112752
Ospina, C. E., and Bakis, C. E., 2007, “Indirect Flexural Crack Control of Concrete Beams and One-Way Slabs Reinforced with FRP Bars,” Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-8), T. Triantafillou, ed., Patras, Greece.
Tomlinson, D., and Fam, A., 2015, “Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt FRP for Flexure and Shear,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 19, No. 2, Apr., p. 04014036. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000491
Wei, B.; Cao, H.; and Song, S., 2010, “Environmental Resistance and Mechanical Performance of Basalt and Glass Fibers,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, V. 527, No. 18-19, pp. 4708-4715. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.021
Wu, G.; Dong, Z.-Q.; Wang, X.; Zhu, Y.; and Wu, Z.-S., 2015, “Prediction of Long-Term Performance and Durability of BFRP Bars under the Combined Effect of Sustained Load and Corrosive Solutions,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 19, No. 3, June, p. 04014058. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000517
Wu, T.; Sun, Y.; Liu, X.; and Wei, H., 2019, “Flexural Behavior of Steel Fiber–Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Bars,” Journal of Composites for Construction, V. 23, No. 2, Apr., p. 04018081. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000920